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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the three components of pain
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Reception
Perception reaction |
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According to gate theory whether gates are open or close depends on what
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Other kkinds of sensory impulsees are bombarding the gates simultaneously
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If there is a predominance of impulses traveling on the thicker fibers (mechanoreceptor which detect touch and pressure) What happens to the gates
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Gates will close resulting in no pain
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What the three processes inlfuence pain perception and interpretation
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1) recalls pain experiences
2) assess person's emotional state and relates to situation 3) decides how much pain the person will feel and how much she will not |
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What 3 interactional systems are involved in pain.
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1) sensory-discriminatory
2) motivation-affective 3) cognitive-evaluative |
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What interactive system gives information about time location intensity & character of pain
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Sensory-discrinatory
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What does Sensory-discriminatory information give
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1) information about time
2) info on location 3) info on intensity 4) character of pain |
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What Autonomic reactions are physiological responses to moderate pain
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1) b/p increases
2)Pulse increases 3) Respiration and o2 transport 4)Sweat increases 5) Perepheral vasoconstriction 6) Nausea and vomiting |
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During the autonomic reactions to pain a increase in sweating and peripheral vasoconstriction causes what two manifestatoins
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Paleness
Cold |
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Name 3 skeletal muscle reactions to moderate pain
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1) muscle tension and rigidity
2) writhing unusual postures 3) insomnia |
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When sever pain is present what happens to the bodies defenses
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they may collapse
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What vital signs are usually present with severe pain
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lowered bp
slower pulse |
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Name 5 behavioral reactions to pain
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1) irritability
2) depression 3) unusual quietness 4) Withdrawal 5) behavior reversals |
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What physiological variables influence pain perceptions & responses
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1) Integrity of the nervous system
2) Age 3)LOC 4) decreased sensory input 5) absence of pain perception 6) physical condition 7) genetics |
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Coping ability is effected by two factors what are they
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1) Age
2) personality |
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What is the duration of Acute pain
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<6months
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What type of pain is constant or recurring without an anticipated end
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chronic pain
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How long can chronic pain last
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>6months
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Name 3 psychological variables influenceing pain perception and response
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1) emotional state
2) previous experience 3) expectation |
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Which 3 prejudices that hamper assessment
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1) Authoraty: health team vs client
2)known or unknown cose 3) Acute pain model vs adaptation |
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When a smiling and cooperative client complains of discomfort, nurses caring for this client often harbor misconceptions about the client’s pain. To properly care for clients in pain, nurses need to remember that:
A. Chronic pain is psychological in nature. B. Clients are the best judges of their pain. C. Regular use of narcotic analgesics leads to drug addiction. D. The amount of pain is reflective of actual tissue damage. |
B. Clients are the best judges of their pain.
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Established pain management guidelines direct nurses to frequently assess the patient’s pain. The most appropriate action for the nurse to take when assessing the patient’s reaction to pain is to:
A. Ask what precipitates pain. B. Question the patient about the location of pain. C. Offer the patient a pain scale to objectively identify the pain. D. Use open-ended questions to find out about the patient’s pain. |
C. Offer the patient a pain scale to objectively identify the pain.
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Pain is a natural outcome of growing old. T or F
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F Older adults are at greater risk (as much as twofold) than younger adults for many painful conditions, However, pain is not an inevitable result of aging.
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Pain perception, or sensitivity, decreases with age. T or F
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F This assumption is unsafe. Although there is evidence that emotional suffering specifically related to pain is possibly less in older than in younger clients, no scientific basis exists for the claim that a decrease in perception of pain occurs with age or that age dulls sensitivity to pain.
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If the older client does not report pain, he or she does not have pain T or F
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Older clients commonly underreport pain. Reasons include expecting to have pain with increasing age; not wanting to alarm loved ones; being fearful of losing their independence; not wanting to distract, anger, or bother caregivers; and believing caregivers know they have pain and are doing all they can to relieve it. The absence of a report of pain does not mean the absence of pain.
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What factors to teach directed at the psychological perception of pain related to what to expect in terms of the pain
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1_ quality
2) severity 3)intensity 4) Ons4et 5) duration 6) cause |
