From Little Things (Year 8 Biology For Nsw/australian Curriculum)

All the components inside a cell

To give out; to move substances from where they are made to where they are used.

The movement of materials from where they are more concentrated to where they are less concentrated.

At the back;

referring to a part or an organ that lies towards an animal's back.

Food or nutrition

A stage during development of an organism when changes occur in the body that allow the organism to reproduce

A medicine that stops bacterial infections

A chemical substance present in living cells that can speed up, or slow down, certain chemical reactions

The process by which the energy from sunlight is trapped in the chlorophyll of green plants and used to build up complex materials.

All the chemical processes occurring within an organism;

the processes in organisms by which nutritive material is built up into living matter, or substances being broken down into simpler substances.

The theory based on these three statements:

- All living things are made up of one or more cells;

- Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things;

- All cells have come from other cells.

An organism consisting of only one cell

An organism consisting of more than one cell.

The membrane surrounding a cell, holding it together and separating it from what is outside.

The control centre of the cell, enclosed within the nuclear membrane, containing the chromosomes.

A storage area for water, food and wastes. Generally large in plant cells but small or non-existent in animal cells.

A cell structure that contains the enzymes necessary for respiration.

A cell structure containing chlorophyll, only present in the green parts of plant cells.

Surrounds the cell and is made up of a woody material called cellulose. Only present in plant cells, bacteria, fungi and cyanobacteria.

Allowing some particles to pass through while others do not pass.

The process by which water diffuses through a semi-permeable membrane that separates two solutions of different concentrations. (The water moves from dilute solutions to more concentrated ones.)

Reproduction requiring gametes from male and female.

Reproduction that does not require the union of male and female parts.

Active during the night

Active during the day

Using chemical units from food that are broken down and then recombined in various ways to make molecules we can use in our bodies.

Excreting excess water and salts

Excreting faeces (solid materials that have passed unabsorbed through the digestive system, plus some breakdown products)

Plants with nodules on their roots that can 'fix' nitrogen for the plants.

Conversion of nitrogen in the air into nitrates, a form that can be used by plants.

Fungi that live in the roots of plants and help the plants to absorb minerals more efficiently.

Any condition that seriously impairs the functioning of an organism.

Asexual reproduction of a unicellular organism to produce two identical organisms.

Asexual reproduction of an organism which divides the nucleus equally but the cytoplasm unequally (creating a 'bud' on the side of the parent which then breaks free and lives independently).

Specialised single cells coming from one parent organism.

A group of specialised cells that are similar to each other and work together.

A group of tissues that have been adapted to perform a specific function.

A number of related organs that carry out a specific function (e.g. respiratory system, circulatory system)

The breakdown of energy-rich substances in the cell, in which glucose and oxygen are converted to carbon dioxide and water, with release of energy.

A tissue which transports liquids around an organism.

A vascular tissue in plants which transports water and minerals

A vascular tissue in plants which transports food substances

A layer of cells in between the phloem and xylem that gives rise to new cells.

The loss of water from plants into the atmosphere.

The process of breaking down complex molecules in food to simpler molecules.

The food tube in humans that passes from the mouth to the stomach.

Finger-like projections on the inside of the small intestine which increase the surface area and aid absorption of food particles into the blood.

The pigment in red blood cells which bonds to oxygen from the lungs and carries it to all cells.

The liquid component of blood

Blood that has circulated around the body and is about to enter the right atrium

Blood that has just exited the lungs and is replenished with oxygen

Tubes carrying blood away from the heart

Tubes carrying deoxygenated blood towards the heart.

Very fine blood vessels which exchange materials with cells vi diffusion.

A waste product formed when the liver has broken down the excess amino acids our body is unable to store.

The waste product coming from our kidneys, containing water, urea and dissolved salts

A number of bones separated from each other by a disc of cartilage, forming a protective hollow tube through which the spinal cord passes.

A cage of curved bones that protects the lungs and heart and allows breathing.

Grape-like structures in the lung which allow the diffusion of gases between the air and the blood system.

A thin sheet of muscle which is attached to the rib cage and allows breathing.

A molecule used for storing energy in the liver and muscle tissue.

Small openings on the underside of leaves, allowing the diffusion of carbon dioxide into the leaf and for oxygen and water to pass out.