Fruit And Veg E2

5.5 - 6.5

Hardness (>400 ppm) and softness (100 ppm)

Salinity

Salinity

Moist; dry between waterings; disease

Do not

Several sets of true leaves have grown

Fertilization + Irrigation simultaneously

Guarantees a certain amount of nutrients within a fertilizer

Injects fertilizer directly into water line

Fixed, 20:1 fertilizer injector

Expensive but adjustable fertilizer injector (1:500 to 1:66)

1. Determine ppm and amount of solution needed2. Set up ratio to determine how much fertilizer to use3. Determine how much of your fertilizer will yield desired nutrient amount

Solve based on N (NPK are all same-202020)200 parts/1 million parts = X oz of N/10 gallon solution (1 gallon = 1280 oz)200 x 1280 / 1 million = .256 oz N20 parts N/100 parts fertilizer = .256 oz N / X oz fertilizer needed.256 x 100 / 20 = 1.28 oz of fertilizer needed to yield 20-20-20 in 10 gallon solution

20:1 injector > 20 +1 =21

21 x 1.28 = 26.88 oz of fertilizer

More; the injector dilutes the solution for you

Add both sides of injector ratio (20:1) and multiply by amount of fertilizer needed to yield desired concentration

Blue dye (darker = more concentrated)

Low ppm (50-100) every watering or high ppm (100-150 once a week)

Stretching out due to excess heat, over fertilization or over watering, or low light

Withholding water and fertilizer, increase temp, expose to air movement or the outdoors

Withhold H2O, wind agitation to promote fiber development, plant growth regulators, and pruning (last resort)

They can harbor pests/disease

Washed and sanitized (1% chlorine bleach)

Sterile media and pots

Dry germination conditions

Pretreat seeds with fungicide (banrot)

Peaches, watermelon, apple, blackberry, fig, strawberry

1

Seed (least expensive)Transplants Bare-rootPotted (most expensive)

Seed (least expensive)Transplants Bare-rootPotted (most expensive)

Seed (least expensive)Transplants Bare-rootPotted (most expensive)

Seed (least expensive)Transplants Bare-rootPotted (most expensive)

Seed, transplants, and bare root

Change temps, withold H2O and fertilizer, expose to air movement

Rely solely on rainfall to water plants, risky

Insufficient water to meet all demands for effective functioning in an ecosystem

Environmental degradation, declining groundwater, and dying native plants

Caused by inability to use existing water resources (lack of infrastructure/access)

95

Helps individual cells expand to full size, pressure by fluid in a cell that presses the membrane against the cell wall

Drought stress

Stunted and smaller

Stomatal pores

Set

Ex) Blossom end rot in tomatoes

Check for wilting

Feel/look at soil

Use instruments

More and more water

To supply sufficient water to sustain growth without waste

Requires high water pressure, uses large amounts of water, mimics rainfall

Certain crops, like leafy greens

It would wet all the foliage

Requires low water pressure, waters soil without wetting plants

Evaporation and drift

More affordable, automated advantage (timers), permanent (central pivot) or moveable (lateral move)

Uses gravity to control flow

Furrows, flooding, and microflooding

Uses canals, minimum equipment

Does not work well with sandy soil because H2O moves down too quickly

Predetermined pattern of tube network with a small discharge at the base of plants

Discharge water on GPH basis with drip, mist, or trickle

Leaf litter and detritus

Stabilize temperature, conserve H2O, increase infiltration, adds nutrients, decreases runoff and weed growth, controls erosion

Bark, leaves, clippings, straw

Plastic, gravel, rock, rubber

In a modified or controlled environment to control light, temp, etc.

Lightweight fabric of different densities that allow light and water transmission

Similar to plastic film mulch, as seedlings emerge, plastic is cut to ventilate

Sheets of plastic from a few inches to 4' in height

Hoop style houses, accommodate people and small machines, open ended

Similar to high tunnel, with cooling/heating

Less expensive greenhouse option

Rigid plastic/glass and gutter connected (I-45 greenhouse), more expensive, permanent A-frame

Technology for growing in nutrient solutions with or without artificial media

Open: nutrient solution is discarded after use

Closed: nutrient solution is replenished and recycled

All 16 essential elements

The fertilizer concentration will increase

Hydroponics system in which plants are rooted in a trough with circulating solution, covered to inhibit algae

Hydroponics system, plants in long flat beds with hydration cycles (fill>drain)

Roots dangle in open air and are misted with nutrient solution

Cultivation and harvesting of grapes, esp. for wine

Study of wine production

Poor site selection

Wrong variety

Disease/weed control issues

Serious time/labor commitment

Source gives energy (canopy/leaves), sink absorbs or stores it (trunk and roots)- in the new season, they swap

Shoot thinning, leaf removal, crop thinning

Irrigation, fertilization, floor management (weeding/cover crops)

When 50% of grapes have changed color, softening and expansion, sugar accumulation

Avoids synthetic fertilizer, mechanization, and chemical weed control

Where people have limited access to healthy food (500 people or 33% of population lives >1 mile from a grocery store or 10 miles rural)

Unlabeled systemic pesticide on watermelon in CA caused illness

Bhopal India disaster killed thousands

Won't help much

120; 90

Sulfur, copper, diatomaceous earth

Plant extracts (neem)

Nonselective, physically disrupt pest breathing through spiracles

Ladybugs, lacewings, Bacillus

Mainly herbaceous perennials with tendril bearing vines and long temperate growing seasons

Warm season, frost sensitive

Consumed immature, "fresh market" = for slicing, "processing" = for pickling

Stop ripening when you pick off the vine

M/F flowers on the same plant

Perfect MF flowers on the same plant

All F flowers

Early flowering and ^ % of F flowers

Male flower growth and delayed F flowers

Fruit develops without fertilization