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56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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tissues
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collections of cells adapted to perform a specific function
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organ
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a group of tissues designed to perform a specific function (example the heart which contains muscle tissue, nerve tissue, and so on)
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organ system
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a collection of organs that work together to perform an overall function
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organelles
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compartments, particles, or filaments that perform specialized functions within a cell
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phospholipids
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any of a class of fat-related substances that contain phosphorus, fatty acids, and a nitrogen-containing component. They are an essential part of every cell
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enzyme
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a compound that speeds the rate of a chemical process but is not altered by that process (almost all are proteins)
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cytoplasm
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the fluid and organelles (except the nucleus) in a cell
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anaerobic
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not requiring oxygen
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mitochondria
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the main sites of energy production in a cell. They contain the pathway for oxidizing fat for fuel, among other metabolic pathways
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aerobic
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requiring oxygen
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cell nucleus
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an organelle bound by its own double membrane and containing chromosomes, the genetic information for cell protein synthesis and cell replication
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gene
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a specific segment on a chromosome, provide the blueprint for the production of cell proteins
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chromosome
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a single, large DNA molecule and its associated proteins; contains many genes to store and transmit genetic information
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deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
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the site of hereditary information in cells it directs synthesis of cell proteins
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ribonucleic acid (RNA)
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the single stranded nucleic acid involved in the transcription of genetic information and translation of that information into protein structure
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transcription
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when information on DNA needed to make a protein is copied onto RNA
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ribosomes
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cytoplasmic particles that mediate the linking together of amino acids to form proteins: may exist freely in the cytoplasm or attached to endoplasmic reticulum
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translation
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when the information contained in RNA is used to determine the amino acids in a protein
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gene expression
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use of DNA information on a gene to produce a protein, thought to be a major determination of cell development
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endoplasmic reticulum
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communication network
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Golgi complex
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packaging site for protein
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secretory vesicles
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membrane-bound vesicles produced by the Golgi containing protein and other compounds to be secreted by the cell
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lysosomes
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cell's digestive system
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peroxisomes
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detoxify harmful chemicals
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adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
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main energy currency for cells (used to promote ion pumping, enzyme activity, and muscular contraction)
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epithelial tissue
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tissue that lines the outside surfaces and external passages
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connective tissue
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tissue that holds structures together
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muscle tissue
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tissue that contracts to cause movement
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nervous tissue
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tissue that transports nerve impulses
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cardiovascular system
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system consisting of the heart, blood vessels, and blood. Circulates blood through the body
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lymphatic system
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system consisting of vessels and lymph which helps to maintain fluid balance and contain immune cells
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lymph
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a clear fluid that flows through lymph vessels; carries most forms of fat after their absorption by the small intestine
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artery
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a blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart
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capillary
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exchange of nutrients and waste
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vein
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a blood vessel that carries blood to the heart
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portal circulation
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portion of the circulatory system that uses a large vein (portal vein) to carry nutrient-rich blood from capillaries in the intestines and portions of the stomach to the liver
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urea
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nitrogenous waste product of protein metabolism; major source of nitrogen in the urine
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portal vein
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large vein leaving the intestine and stomach and connecting to the liver
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nervous system
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the body system consisting of the brain, spinal chord, nerves, and sensory receptors. This system detects sensations, directs movements, and controls physiological and intellectual functions
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neuron
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the structural and functional unit of the nervous system. consists of cell body, dendrites, and an axon
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synapse
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the space between one neuron and another neuron
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neurotransmitter
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a compound made by a nerve cell that allows for communication between it and other cells
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norepinephrine
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a neurotransmitter from nerve endings and a hormone from the adrenal gland. It is released in times of stress and is involved in hunger regulation, blood glucose regulation, and other body processes
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epinephrine
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a hormone also known as adrenaline; it is released by the adrenal glands at time of stress. It acts to increase glycogen breakdown in the liver among other functions
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myelin sheath
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a lipid and protein combination that covers nerve fibers
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endocrine system
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the body system consisting of the various glands and the hormones these glands secrete. This system has major regulatory functions in the body, such as reproduction and cell metabolism
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endocrine gland
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a hormone-producing gland
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thyroid hormones
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hormones produced by the thyroid gland that among their functions increase the rate of overall metabolism in the body
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receptor
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a site in a cell at which compounds ( such as hormones) bind. Cells that contain receptors for a specific compound are partially controlled by that compound.
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Immune System
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the body system consisting of white blood cells, lymph glands and vessels, and various other body tissues. Provides defense against foreign invaders, primarily due to the action of various types of white blood cells
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Immunoglobulins
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proteins found in the blood that bind to specific antigens; also called antibodies. Their five major classes play different roles in antibody-mediated immunity
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White Blood Cells
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they phagocytize bacteria, fungi, and viruses, as well as detoxify harmful proteins
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Digestion
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process by which food is broken down into their component molecules, either mechanically or chemically
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Absorption
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process by which molecules of food cross from the intestine into the cells
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Elimination
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process by which undigested food and waste is expelled from the G.I. tract
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Gastrointestinal Tract (GI)
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long tube from mouth to anus which is separated from other parts of the body
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