Func Med Exam Qs

Finding elevated urinary alpha-ketoisocaproate and alpha-ketoisovalerate is an indication of what essential nutrient deficiency?

Vitamin B1

Coenzyme Q10

Vitamin B6

Vitamin D

When serum lipid peroxides are elevated even though all serum antioxidant vitamins are in their upper normal ranges, what other abnormality is likely to be present?

High polyunsaturated fatty acids in plasma

Low polyunsaturated fatty acids in plasma

High vitamin D

Low biotin

Which compound is measured as a laboratory test for vitamin K deficiency?

7-Dehydrocholesterol

Undercarboxylated osteocalcin

Dehydroascorbic acid

Sepiapterin

Assessment of vitamin D deficiency is done by measuring serum levels of what compound?

A patient can have normal serum vitamin B12, but still show elevated urinary methylmalonate because

Which of the following is NOT a folate deficiency sign?

Urinary xanthurenic acid elevation

Urinary formiminoglutamate elevation

Neutrophyl hypersegmentation

Plasma homocysteine elevation

Which vitamin insufficiencies are indicated by elevated branched chain keto acids in urine?

Antioxidants

B-complex

Ascorbates

Cholecalciferols

Why is it incorrect to speak of a “folic acid” deficiency?

Vitamin B6 deficiency causes elevated homocysteine by what mechanism?

Reducing the active form of vitamin B12

Accelerating the conversion of methionine to homocysteine

Impairing the conversion of homocysteine to cysteine

Blocking the transfer of methyl groups to THF

What does the abbreviation BH4 represent?

Which of the following is NOT useful for assessing iron status?

A patient with chronic negative calcium balance is expected to have elevated calcium in which specimen type?

Erythrocytes

Unchallenged 24 hr urine

Head hair

Whole blood

What organ failure most directly causes multiple low essential trace elements to be found in blood or urine?

A DMSA provocation test would usually be done to assess what problem?

When very low erythrocyte magnesium is found, the patient is likely to have what other type of insufficiency?

Iron

Glutathione

Vitamin C

Selenium

Which of the following is not considered to be a highly toxic element?

Which of the following is a good test for copper excess?

RBC Cu

Urinary copper

Low serum copper to ceruloplasmin ratio

Urinary HVA/VMA ratio

The action of what hormone is reduced in chromium deficiency?

Testosterone

Glucagon

Thyroxine

Insulin

Why does direct testing of calcium in body fluids fail to reveal nutritional status of calcium?

What element has been shown to protect from the toxic effects of mercury?

Copper

Selenium

Magnesium

Zinc

A pattern of elevated essential amino acids is an early sign of deficiency of what vitamin?

B12

A

B6

C

Which medical condition is often found in patients with elevated plasma asymmetric dimethylarginine?

Maldigestion

Hypertension

Food allergies

Chronic fatigue

What metabolic process creates the largest demand for amino acids?

What effect does delayed specimen transport have on relative levels of glutamate and glutamine?

Which amino acid, when administered as a challenge for testing status of a vitamin, helps to alleviate one of the effects of deficiency of the vitamin?

Tryptophan

Histidine

Phenylalanine

Isoleucine

Which amino acid is converted into a neurotransmitter by two sequential hydroxylation reactions requiring tetrahydrobiopterin as a cofactor?

Phenylalanine

Tryptophan

Valine

Glutamic Acid

Which amino acid is a substrate for competing reactions that lead to either a compound that supplies a methyl group or to a compound that supplies protection from oxidative stress?

Homocysteine

Taurine

Proline

Asparagine

What is the principal metabolic outcome of the glycine cleavage system?

Initiation of the pathway that leads to heme formation

Generation of 5-10-methylene THF

Conversion of glycine to an important neurotransmitter

Regeneration of tetrahydrobiopterin

If a plasma amino acid profile shows low levels of four essential amino acids and normal levels of the others what intervention is generally indicated?

The principal advantage of free form amino acid supplements over purified protein products is

Which abnormality pattern, when found on a plasma fatty acid report, indicates that a patient is in general essential fatty acid deficiency?

Low ALA, EPA, DHA and high stearic acid

Low omega 3 and omega 6 with elevated Mead acid

Low Mead and palmitic acids

Elevated stearic/oleic ratio

Which abnormality pattern, when found on a plasma fatty acid report, indicates that a patient is in omega-3 fatty acid deficiency?

Low ALA and EPA

High palmitic/palmitoleic ratio

Low LA, DGLA and AA

Low stearic/oleic ratio

Which abnormality pattern, when found on a plasma fatty acid report, suggests that a patient may be hypertriglyceridemic?

An elevated triene/tetraene ratio

Low levels for all omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids

All saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids found in their 4th or 5th quintiles

A low triene/tetraene ratio

Which abnormality pattern, when found on a plasma fatty acid report, indicates that a patient is exhibiting the metabolic syndrome?

Which abnormality pattern, when found on a plasma fatty acid report, indicates a patient has adrenoleukodystrophy?

Finding multiple odd-chain fatty acids in erythrocytes means that there is some process causing elevated levels of which compound?

Stearate

Erucate

Propionate

Fumarate

Which fatty acid source is appropriate for treatment of a patient with ALA and EPA in their upper quintiles and with LA and GLA in their first deciles?

What is the common name for the fatty acid written as 20:4n6?

What cellular organelles other than mitochondria are required for VLCFA degradation?

Which vitamin is necessary for stimulation of PPAR?

Folic acid

Vitamin A

Riboflavin

Niacin

Which of the following is a urinary organic acid that becomes elevated as a direct result of carnitine deficiency?

Which of the following is a urinary organic acid that becomes elevated as a result of Coenzyme Q10 deficiency?

Which of the following is a urinary organic acid that becomes elevated as a direct result of thiamin deficiency?

Which of the following is a urinary organic acid that becomes elevated as a direct result of vitamin B6 deficiency?

Which of the following is a urinary organic acid that becomes elevated as a direct result of biotin deficiency?

Which of the following is a urinary organic acid that becomes elevated as a direct result of folic acid deficiency?

Elevation of which of the following urinary organic acids indicates that a patient has increased turnover of epinephrine?

Elevation of which of the following urinary organic acids indicates that a patient has increased turnover of serotonin?

Elevation of which of the following urinary organic acids is produced in a patient with thiamin deficiency that slows the action of the branched-chain keto acid dehydrogenase complex?

Which of the following is a urinary organic acid that becomes elevated in a patient due to massive intestinal overgrowth of Lactobacillus acidophillus?

Which of the following is true of a laboratory result that lies in the 5th quintile?

For optimal wellness assurance, which of the following is the preferred stage of nutrient deficiency detection?

Which abnormality is an indication of potential BH4 deficiency?

A patient with a low urinary N-methylnicotinamide is a candidate for which nutrient addition?

A patient with an elevated level of beta-hydroxyisovalerate in urine is a candidate for which nutrient addition?

Serum concentrations of which of the following generally is considered to be the best compound for assessing vitamin D status?

For a patient with elevated homocysteine, intervention may be focused on which specific nutrient when elevated formiminoglutamate also is found?

Which of the following is a function NOT served by the single carbon pool?

Which factor most commonly leads to multiple elevations of essential amino acids in fasting plasma?

Early dietary deficiency states of what essential element has been proposed to be revealed by elevated levels in hair?

You would correctly recommend iron supplementation based on finding which abnormality in a patients record?

Finding very high levels of which element in erythrocytes would be of greatest concern regarding the recent appearance of toxic manifestations in a patient with a history of low urinary selenosugars?

Metabolic impacts of some toxic elements are sensitively revealed by measuring intermediates in what pathway?

What test result might be used to justify intravenous chelation therapy?

Which of the following describes the ultimate event that results in greater intestinal calcium absorption due to the action of vitamin D?

The principal reason that magnesium is said to be involved in more metabolic reactions that any other element is

Which phrase describes the first step in the assimilation of ingested dietary zinc?

Which abnormality is generally produced by having a fasting plasma specimen sit for 2 days in an outside pickup box during August?

A patient who has been on SSRI medications for 2-3 years is most likely to have a deficiency of which amino acid?

In the absence of any other laboratory evidence, finding a pattern of strongly elevated serene with low glycine on a plasma amino acid profile would suggest deficiency of which essential nutrient?

S-Adenoxylmethionine therapy is most likely to be helpful in cases where elevation of which amino acid is found?

Elevated levels of which compound in plasma is predictive of clinical effects due to insufficient nitric oxide?

Elevated levels of which compound is associated with difficulty in conversion of ammonia to urea?

Which of the following is NOT a process that is dependent on the availability of arginine?

Choline is a derivative of which amino acid?

The BCKDC is an enzyme that requires how many vitamin-derived cofactors?

A patient who shows a pattern of low levels for threonine, glycine and serine is a candidate for what type of specific amino acid supplementation.

A patient with elevated levels of urinary alpha-aminoadipic acid due to an inherited metabolic disorder should avoid supplementation with which amino acid?

Tyrosine is the precursor amino acid in the biosynthesis of which compound?

Hepatic activity of which pathway is responsible for the disposition of excess dietary tryptophan?

In order to rapidly offset acute increases in oxidative stress, homocysteine trans-methylation is inhibited while which pathway is stimulated?

Following administration of the radioactive isomer of a certain amino acid, large fractions of the radioactivity was found rapidly and simultaneously to appear in the subjects DNA, RNA, porphyrins, collagen and glutathione. Which amino acid was used?

Which specific compound, appearing at elevated levels in plasma or urine, would best identify a patient who habitually consumes chicken or turkey almost every day?

Elevated levels of which of the following fatty acids indicates general PUFA deficiency?

Which of the following is the most abundant PUFA in the average American diet?

A patient with biotin deficiency is likely to show elevated levels of which fatty acid?

A laboratory report that shows low levels of which fatty acid is of greatest concern regarding neurological development in a 2 year old child?

What is the principal form of circulating fatty acids in the fasting state?

Counting the terminal methyl group, how many carbon atoms are present following the double bond most distant from the carboxylic acid in an omega-3 fatty acid?

Which class of fatty acids can enter the beta-oxidation cycle without the involvement of the carnitine shuttle?

Why does the level of arachidonic acid tend to fall in patients who take large doses of flax oil daily for many weeks?

Why is DHA extremely slow to rise when infants are fed formulas supplemented with flax oil?

Increased PUFA intake signals the human fat-sensing system to stimulate which process?

Essential fatty acid deficiency results in rising levels of which fatty acid?

Which fatty acid ratio elevation is frequently found in patients who display inordinately strong responses to inflammatory stimuli?

Specific concern about a patient's calcium and vitamin D status would be especially confirmed by which test result?

A patient who shows steadily falling levels of erythrocyte arachidonic acid after initial normal levels were found would be suspected of excessive intake of which dietary oil?

Other than dietary magnesium intake, erythrocyte magnesium levels are directly related to what metabolic factor?

What cell type failure most directly and specifically contributes to multiple low essential trace elements being found in blood or urine?

Among reports in the medical literature, which is the most commonly used specimen for arsenic exposure screening?

Ammonia detoxification is not described by Phase I and Phase II reactions because

Which type of organotoxin is famous for originating from soft plastic products?

How does dietary fiber help control total estrogen exposure in premenopausal women?

Why is oral challenging with DMSA used prior to toxic element testing of urine?

What are urinary products of glutathione conjugation called?

What urinary porphyrin becomes uniquely elevated in urine due to mercury toxicity?

Which of the following is the most common reason for finding elevated benzoic acid in urine?

How does the stimulation of hepatic cytochrome P450 activity by compounds in cigarette smoke illustrate the hormesis model of toxicant effects?

Which of the following toxicants is considered to be iatrogenic?

Why would a high protein diet be ill-advised for the patient whose laboratory report indicates a pathological detoxifier pattern?

Which of the following agents acts to protect enzymes inside of the mitochondria from oxidative damage?

What amino acid is unusually high inside erythrocytes to afford oxidative stress protection?

Which vitamin sits near the center of the cellular redox potential spectrum?

Accumulation of which compound tends to produce reductive stress?

Which compound is sometimes used as a biomarker of total body protein oxidative damage?

Match the laboratory markers with their category of oxidative stress damage:

Isoprostanes

Methionine sulfoxide

8-Hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine

In a patient with multiple signs of oxidative stress, physiological forms of which two micronutrients are needed because they act in tandem directly upon glutathione to achieve the recycling of the oxidized to the reduced form?

What factor released during sleep adds strong protection against oxidative stress?

What antioxidant is specifically indicated to be under stress, leading to reduced antioxidant stress response capacity when a patient is found to have elevated pyroglutamate and alpha-hydroxybutyrate?

Which response shows the three trace elements that are required for the action of superoxide dismutase enzymes?

Production of which of the following cell regulators is directly affected by deficiency of iodine?

Production of which of the following cell regulators is directly affected by deficiency of tryptophan?

Production of which of the following cell regulators is directly affected by deficiency of arginine?

Production of which of the following cell regulators is directly affected by excessive consumption of broccoli?

Which of the following is a hormone that is NOT derived from cholesterol?

Which of the following test results is a marker for chronic stress response?

What hormonal abnormality would be suspected in a patient with elevated serum triglycerides, elevated serum LDL cholesterol, obesity and non-alcoholic live disease?

Which of the following is used to assess risk of cancer from poor regulation of estrogen metabolism?

Cytokine signaling pathways frequently use which type of chemical reaction to transmit and amplify signals?

The AKT signaling pathway is involved in the initiation of which cellular process?

What information is conveyed by this figure on a laboratory SNP profile report?

Image is of green "-" sign on left & a red "+" sign on right

What kind of clinically relevant information is found at the web site named OMMBID?

What advantage may be derived from the use of a patient’s genomic data when choosing drug therapies?

The designation (A856G) conveys what information?

Which of the following steps in gene expression can be altered by environmental factors?

If a patient is found to be homozygous for SNP that causes lowered activity of the enzyme required for conversion of dopamine to epinephrine, what laboratory report abnormality would show metabolic confirmation of the effect?

Which response describes the level at which microRNAs act to affect processes like the uptake of micronutrients such as iron?

How is an enzyme’s activity altered by the presence of a homozygous SNP in the genes that express that enzyme?

Based on finding that a patient with greatly elevated homocysteine has normal levels of urinary FIGLU and methylmalonate, which specific vitamin supplementation is likely to result in lower risk for cardiovascular disease?

Which specific nutrient supplementation is most directly indicated for a patient with greatly elevated urinary quinolinate and very low plasma tryptophan?

Which laboratory result would provide biochemical confirmation of functional impact from a genetric polymorphism that impairs metabolism of catecholamines?

A laboratory report that shows a pattern of low range levels for multiple trace elements suggests what underlying physiological failure?

When a patient's laboratory report shows very low zinc, what other abnormality takes on greatly added significance regarding need for clinical management?

If you had been monitoring a patient's urinary mercury levels monthly and notice a sudden increase, what kind of treatment procedure would be suspected as a major contributing factor?

For a patient who is in a state of strong negative calcium balance, which profile is most likely to show greatly elevated calcium concentration?

If you were requested to prepare a one day DMSA dosing schedule for a patient, what laboratory profile would you expect to be ordered on that patient?

Which potential intervention for a patient would be reinforced by the following laboratory abnormalities? - low plasma homocysteine, low erythrocyte magnesium, high urinary 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine, and low urinary sulfate.

Considering the precursor amino acid for thyroid hormone production, which laboratory abnormality would suggest a potential line of specific nutritional therapy for a patient with negative autoimmune thyroid antibodies and chronically low thyroid function that is unresponsive to aggressive supplementation of iodine?

Which laboratory profile would you recommend to confirm suspicion of biotin deficiency?

If you find mildly elevated urinary methylmalonic acid for a 10-year-old girl with idiopathic polyneuropathy, which laboratory profile would you recommend for confirmation of specific vitamin deficiency?

Among the metabolic roles of zinc, which one involves structures called zinc fingers?

Measuring levels of which serum protein can provide direct information about a patient’s copper status?

Use of which specimen for measuring potassium concentration has the strongest scientific support for assessing potassium deficiency?

Which urinary organic acid profile elevated result would be suspected to have been produced by finding that the patient had consumed a large serving of bananas and black walnuts with her evening meal before the overnight urine specimen collection for the test?

Therapy with which type of drug frequently causes elevation of urinary 5-hydroxyindoleacetate?

Which laboratory finding tells you that a patient has an increased risk of kidney stone recurrence?

Which of the following compounds is NOT a tricarboxylic acid?

Dietary deficiency of which vitamin causes the situation known as the “Folate Trap?”

A defect in which regulatory system is indicated by finding the pattern of very high glutamic acid and very low glutamine in a plasma amino acid profile for a 4 year old boy with severe hyperactivity?

Which antioxidant is found in erythrocytes at levels nearly 10 times those found in blood plasma?

What vitamin-derived enzyme cofactor contains pantothenic acid?

Which component of biological membranes is most highly susceptible to hydroxyl radical attack?

If glycine is to be administered to support Phase II detoxification, what vitamin also is specifically indicated?

Which compound has the unique function of being simultaneously required for the activated methyl-supply system and the glutathione-formation system?

Which laboratory abnormality would be the most ominous as a risk factor for a chronic pain patient who has a tendency to overdose her acetaminophen?

What region of the normal human intestinal tract has the greatest rate of increase in bacteria populations per inch of transit?

Which food-specific serum antibody class is tested primarily to determine the presence of intestinal hyperpermeability?

Why do microbiological culture techniques performed in routine clinical laboratory services fail to detect the large majority of bacteria that occur in stool specimens?

Measuring breath hydrogen after an oral bolus of glucose is a test used to detect which condition?

What condition is revealed by finding a large number of 2+ to 4+ results for food-specific IgG4 concentrations in serum?

A patient whose diet contains very low levels of polyphenols may have false negative results for which test?

What compound is a precursor in human cells for tetrahydrobiopterin production?

Your patient reveals that s/he has been supplementing with high doses of fish oil for years and always cooks with safflower oil and corn oil. Based on this information, what analyte(s) would you suspect might be elevated?

Concurrent elevations of urinary L-lactate and pyruvate have been shown to respond favorably to which vitamin supplementation?

Aggressive biotin supplementation would be indicated for a patient with which abnormality?

A patient with a low serum transferrin level is a candidate for supplementation of which nutrient?

When glutathione becomes oxidized in a reaction that removes an oxygen radical, which compound is the co-substrate for the conversion back to redued glutathione?

Increased intake of which nutrient is most specifically indicated for a patient with hyperinsulinemia?

Which specific nutrient supplementation is most directly indicated for a patient with greatly elevated serum levels of citrulline and ornithine?

Which specific nutrient supplementation is most directly indicated for a patient with a greatly elevated plasma phenylalanine to tyrosine ratio?

Folic acid supplementation is indicated when a LOW result is found for which laboratory test?

When a patient is found to have high levels of LA and GLA, but a low level of DGLA on a plasma fatty acid profile, what specific nutrient intervention is suggested?

Insufficiency of which hormone is associated with impaired conversion of beta carotene to vitamin A?

A patient who had a lab result showing high urinary tricarballylate would be a candidate for which nutrient supplementation?

A patient with signs consistent with magnesium deficiency that is confirmed by low erythrocyte magnesium is likely to have low status of what other compound with direct effects on magnesium status?

Why would dietary protein intake not be expected to produce elevated levels of amino acids in plasma when the test is done according to usual specimen colection instructions?

Elevation of which compound indicates that inflammatory responses are occurring in the brain?

A patient with simultaneous strong elevations of urinary citrate, cis-aconitate, isocitrate and orotate is also likely to be exhibiting which other laboratory abnormality?