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66 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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External Oblique
Origin, insertion and action? |
Origin: external surface of ribs 5 to 12,
Insertion: linea alba, pubic tubercle, anterior 1/2 of iliac crest. Action: compress + support viscera, flex and rotate trunk |
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Internal oblique
Origin, insertion and action? |
Origin: thoracolumbar fascia, anterior 2/3 or iliac crest. Insertion: inferior border of 10 to 12 ribs, linea alba.
Action: compress + support viscera, flex and rotate trunk |
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Transversus abdominus
Origin, insertion and action? |
Origin: internal surfaces of 7-12th costal cartiladges Insertion: linea alba with aponeurosis of internal oblique, pubic crest and pecten pubis Action: compress support abdominal viscera |
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Rectus Abdominus Origin, insertion and action? |
Origin: Pubic symphisis, pubic crest Insertion: xiphoid process, and 5-7th costal cartilidges Action: flex trunk, compress viscera, stabilise and control pelvic tilt |
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Movements of vertebral column: Flexion (From extended position) |
Bilateral concentric contraction of; Rectus Abdominus, Psoas Major. In the coronal plane. |
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Movements of vertebral column: extension (From flexed position) |
Bilateral concentric contraction of: erector spinae, multifidus, semi spinalis thoracis. |
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Movements of vertebral column: lateral flexion (From neutral position) |
Initial Unilateral concentric contraction of iliocostalis, thoracis, lomborum, longissimus, multifidus, external and internal oblique, quadratus lomborum, rhomboids and serratus anterior |
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Movements of vertebral column: lateral flexion (slowing down to stop) |
eccentric contraction of liocostalis, thoracis, lomborum, longissimus, multifidus, external and internal oblique, quadratus lomborum, rhomboids and serratus anterior on other side |
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Movements of vertebral column: Trunk rotation |
Unilateral contraction of: rotatores, multifidus, iliocostalis, longissimus, external oblique, splenius thoracis |
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Anterior (primary) rami of spinal nerves supply.... |
anterolateral trunk, upper + lower limbs |
think big |
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Posterior (primary) rami of spinal nerves supply.... |
Nerve fibres to the synovial joints of vertabral column, and deep muscles of the back |
think proximal and medial and deep |
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Superficial Layer of the intrinsic back muscles: Splenius Proximal, distal attachment, nerve supply and actions? |
Proximal attatchment: Nuchal ligament and spinous processes of c7 to t6 vertebrae Distal Attachment: Splenius capitis - fibres run superolaterally to mastoid process, lateral 1/3 of superior nuchal line of occipital bone Splenius cervicus - tubercles of transverse process of c1-c3 Nerve supply: posterior rami of spinal nerves Actions: unilaterally - lateral flexion on neck, rotate head, bilateral - extend head + neck |
Hint: cervicus means what? and capitis means what? to do with distal attachment and finding them on cadaver! |
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Intermediate layer of the intrinsic back muscles: erector spinae - iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis Proximal, distal attachment, nerve supply and actions? |
Proximal attatchment: broad tendon from posterior part of iliac crest, posterior surface of sacrum, sacro-iliac ligaments distal attachement: iliocostalis: lumborum,thoracis, cervicis; fibers runsuperiorly to angles of lowerribs and cervical transverseprocesses Longissimus: thoracis,cervicis, capitis; fibers runsuperiorly to ribs betweentubercles and angles totransverse processes in thoracic and cervicalregions, and to mastoidprocess of temporal bone Spinalis: thoracis, cervicis,capitis; fibers run superiorlyto spinous processes in theupper thoracic region andto cranium nerve supply: posterior rami of spinal nerves actions: Extend vertebral column + head, control flexion via eccentric contraction, laterally flex vertabral column |
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Deep layer of intrinsic muscles of the back: transverve spinalis Proximal, distal attachment, nerve supply and actions? |
Proximal Attachment: Transverse processes Distal attachement: Spinous processes ofmore superior vertebra Nerve supply: Spinous processes ofmore superior vertebra Actions: extensio |
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Deep layer of intrinsic muscles of the back: Semispinalis Proximal, distal attachment, nerve supply and actions? |
Proximal Attachment: arises fromtransverse processes ofC4–T12 vertebrae Distal attachement: thoracis,cervicis, capitis; fibersrun superomedially tooccipital bone and spinousprocesses in thoracic andcervical regions, spanning4–6 segments Nerve supply: Posterior rami of spinalnervesa Actions: extendshead and thoracic andcervical regions of verte-bral column and rotatesthem contralaterally |
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Deep layer of intrinsic muscles of the back: multifidus Proximal, distal attachment, nerve supply and actions? |
Proximal attachment: arises fromposterior sacrum, posterior superior iliac spineof ilium, aponeurosis oferector spinae, sacro-iliacligaments, mammillaryprocesses of lumbarvertebrae, transverseprocesses of T1–T3,articular processes ofC4–C7 Distal attachment: thickest inlumbar region; fibers passobliquely superomediallyto entire length of spinousprocesses, located 2–4segments superior toproximal attachment Nerve supply: Posterior rami of spinal nerves Actions: stabilizes ver-tebrae during local move-ments of vertebral column |
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Deep layer of intrinsic muscles of the back: Rotatores Proximal, distal attachment, nerve supply and actions? |
Proximal Attachment: arise fromtransverse processes ofvertebrae; best developedin thoracic region Distal Attachement: fibers passsuperomedially to attachto junction of laminaand transverse processor spinous process ofvertebra immediately(brevis) or 2 segments(longus) superior tovertebra of attachment Nerve supply: Posterior rami of spinal nerves Actions: Moore tabilize verte-brae and assist with localextension and rotatorymovements of vertebral column; mayfunction as organs ofproprioception |
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Cervical Regions of vertebral column and features |
7 cervical (atlas on axis) - have uncus - biford spinous process - almost horizontal articular facet - transverse foramina - large and triangular vertebral foramen |
think two dishes together |
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Thoracic Region of the Vertabral column and features |
12 thoracic vertebrae - heart shaped vertebral body - costal facets - smaller circular vertebral foramen compared to cervical and lumbar - long transervse processes that extend postero-latterally - nearly vertical articular facets - long spinous processes that extend posteo-inferiorly |
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Lumbar Region of the vertebral column and its features |
5 vertabrae - large kidney shaped body - triangular foramen - long and slender transverse processes - nearly vertical facets - thick hatchet shaped spinous process |
football posts only allow flexion, extension |
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Flexion of the neck is caused by? |
Longus Capitis, Rectus capitis anterior, anterior fibres of SCM, suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles |
posterior muscles |
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Extension of the neck caused by? |
Rectus capitis posterior/major/minor, obliqus capitis superior, splenius capitis, longissimus capitis, trapezius |
anterior muscles |
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Lateral Flexion of the neck caused by? |
Sternocleidomastoid (SCM), Obliqus capitis superior, rectus capitis lateralis, longissimus capitis, splenius capitis |
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Rotation of the head by contraction of? |
ipsilateral contraction of obliqus capitis inferior, longissimus capitus, splenius capitus, rectus capitis inferior and superior. Contralateral contraction of SCM and semispinalis capitis |
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Superficial layer of the neck: Platysma superior, inferior attachment, innervation and action? |
Superior attachments: Inferior border of mandible Inferior attachments: fascia covering super parts of pec major Innervation: cervical branch of facial nerve Action: expressions |
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superficial layer of the neck: Sternocleidomastoid (SCM) superior, inferior attachment, innervation and action? |
Superior attachments: Lateral surface of mastoid process of temporal bone, lateral 1/2 of superior nuchal line Inferior attachments: Sternal head: anterior surface of manubrium, Clavicular head: superior medial 1/3 of clavicle Innervation: spinal accessory nerve Action: laterally flex neck, extend neck, bring ching towards manubrium |
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Superficial layer of the neck Trapezium superior, inferior attachment, innervation and action? |
Superior attachment: medial 1/3 of superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, nuchal ligament and spinous processes of c7-t12 Inferior attachment: lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion and spine of scapulae. Innervation: spinal accessory nerve Actions: Elevates, retracts, and rotates scapulae superiorly Descending (superior) fibers: elevate scapulae/shoulders, maintain level of shoulders againstgravity or resistance Transverse (middle) fibers: retract scapulaeAscending (inferior) fibers: depress scapulae/ shoulders Descending and ascending fibers together: rotate spinous process of scapulae superiorly With shoulders fixed, bilateral contractionextends neck; unilateral contraction produceslateral flexion to same side |
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Prevertabral muscles of the neck? anterior are? lateral are? |
Anterior vertrbral muscles: Longus colli, longus capitis, rectus capitis anterior, anterior scalene Lateral Vertebral muscles: Rectus capitis lateralis, splenius capitis, levator scapulae, middle scalene, posterior scalene. |
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Prevertebral muscle: Longus Colli |
Superior attachment: Tubercle of C1, bodies of c1-c3, tranverse process of c3-c6 Inferior attachment: body of c5-t3, transverse processes of c3-c5 Innervation: anterior rami Actions: flex neck unilaterally |
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Prevertebral muscle: Longus capitis |
Superior attachment: basiliar part of Occipital bone Inferior attachment: anterior tubercles of c3-c6 transverse processes Innervation: anterior rami Actions: flex head |
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Prevertabral muscle: Rectus Capitis anterior |
Superior attachment: base of cranium, anterior to occipital condyle Inferior attachment: Anterior surface of lateral mass of atlas Innervation: c1-c2 spinal nerves Actions: flex head |
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Prevertebral muscle: Anterior Scalene |
Superior attachment: Transverse process of c3-c6 Inferior Attachment: 1st rib Innervation: cervical spinal nerves Actions: flex head |
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Prevertebral Muscle: Rectus Capitis Lateralis |
Superior: jugular process of occipital bone Inferior: transverse process of atlas Innervation: c1-c2 spinal nerve Action: flex head + stablise |
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Prevertebral muscle: Splenius Capitis |
Superior: Inferior 1/2 of nuchal ligament and spinous processes of t1-t6 Inferior: lateral aspect of mastoid process, lateral 1/3 of nuchal line Innvervation: posterior rami Action: laterally flex, rotate head, bilateral contraction extend head and neck |
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Prevertebral muscle: levator scapulae |
Superior: Posterior tubercle of transverse process of c2-c6 Inferior: superior medial border of scapluae Innervation: dorsal scapular nerce, cervical spinal nerve action: downward rotation of scapulae |
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Prevertebral muscle: Middle Scalene |
Superior: posterior tubercle of transverse process of c5-c7 Inferior: superior surface of 1st rib Innervation: anterior rami Action: flex neck laterally |
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Prevertebral muscle: Posterior scalene |
Superior: posterior tubercle of transverse process of c5-c7 Inferior: external border of 2nd rib innveration: anterior rami Action: flex neck laterally |
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Name the suboccipital and deep muscles of the neck (sub occipital triangle) |
Triangle is made of up rectus capitis poster major and minor, obliqus capitis superior, obliqus capitis inferior. |
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Flexion at atlanto-occipital joints? |
Longus capitis, Rectus capitis anterior, Anterior fibers of sternocleidomastoid, Suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles |
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Extension at atlanto-occiptal joints? |
Rectus capitis Posterior major and minor, Obliquus capitis superior, Splenius capitis, Longissimus capitis |
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Lateral Flexion at atlanto-occipital joints? |
SCM, Obliqus Capitis superior, Rectus capitis lateralis, Longissimus Capitis, Splenius Capitis |
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Rotation at atlanto-occiptal joints? |
Obliqus capitis Inferior, Rectus capitis posterior major and minor, longissimus capitis, splenius capitis |
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Elevation of scapula muscles producing movement, nerves, ROM |
Muscles producing movement: descending trapezius, levator scaupluae, Rhomboid Nerves to muscle: Spinal accessory, Dorsal scapula ROM: 10-12cm |
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Depression of scapula muscles producing movement, nerves, ROM |
Muscles: Pec major (sternocostal head), lattismus dorsi, Serratus Anterior, Ascending trapezius, pec minor Nerves: pectoral nerces, thorocodorsal, Spinal accesory, Medial pector ROM: 10-12cm |
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Protraction of scapula muscles producing movement, nerves, ROM |
Muscles: pec major, pec minor, serratus anterior Nerves: long thoracic (SA), pectoral nerve, medial pectoral ROM: 40-45degrees, 15cm |
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Retraction of scapula: muscles producing movement, nerves, ROM |
Muscles: transverse trapezius, rhomboids, lattismus dorsi Nerves: spinal accessory, dorsal scapula, thoracodorsal ROM: 40-45degrees, 15cm |
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Upward rotation of scapula muscles producing movement, nerves, ROM |
Muscles: descending trapezius, ascending trapezius, serratus anterior Nerves: spinal accessory, long thoracic ROM: 60 degrees inferior angle, 10-12cm, superior angle 5-6cm |
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Downward Rotation of scapula muscles producing movement, nerves, ROM |
Gravity! Muscles: levator scapule, rhomboids, pec major (SC), lat dorsi, pec minor Nerves: dorsal scapula, thoracodorsal, medial pectoral, medial and lateral pectoral nerve ROM: 60 degrees inferior angle; 10-12cm, superior angle = 5-6cm |
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Flexion of GH joint prime mover, synergist |
prime mover: Pectoralis major (clavicular head) anterior deltoid synergist: coracobrachialis biceps brachii |
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Extension of GH joint prime mover, synergist |
prime mover: deltoid posterior syngergist: teres major long head of triceps brachii |
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Abduction of GH joint Prime mover, syngergist |
Prime mover: Middle deltoid synergist: supraspinatus |
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adduction of GH joint Prime mover, synergist |
Prime mover: pec major, lat dorsi syngergist: teres major long head triceps brachii |
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Medial rotation of GH joint Prime mover, syngergist |
Prime mover: subscapularis Synergist: pec major, deltoid (clavicular), lat dorsi, teres major |
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lateral rotation of GH joint Prime mover, synergist |
Prime mover: Infraspinatus synergist: teres minor, anterior deltoid |
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Pectoralis Major proximal, distal attachment, innervation and main action |
proximal: clavicular head - medial half of clavicle. Sternocostal head - anterior surface of sternum, superior 6 costal cartiladges distal attachment: lateral lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerus innervation: lateral medial pectoral nerves main action: adduct, medially rotate humerus. clavicular head; flexes humerus. Sterno-costal head: extends humerus from flexed position |
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Pectoralis Minor proximal, distal attachment, innervation and main action |
Proximal: 3-5th ribs near costal cartiladge Distal: medial border of and superior surface of coracoid process of scapula Innervation: Medial pectoral nerve Actions: stabilise scapula |
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Subclavius: proximal, distal attachment, innervation and main action |
Proximal: junction of 1st rib and its costal cartiladge Distal: coracoid surface of scapula Innervation: subclavius Action: anchor, depress clavicle |
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Serratus Anterior: proximal, distal attachment, innervation and main action |
Proximal: external surface of lateral parts of 1-8 ribs Distal: medial border of scapula Innervation: Long thoracic nerve Action: Protracts scapula, rotate scapula anterior |
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Trapezius proximal, distal attachment, innervation and main action |
Proximal: superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, nuchal ligament, spinous process of c7-t12 Distal : lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion and spine scapula Innervation: Sinal accessory nerve Muscle action: descending: elevation scapula. ascending: depresses. together: retract scapula, Rotate glenoid cavity superiorly. |
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Lattisimus dorsi: proximal, distal attachment, innervation and main action |
Proximal: spinous processes of inferior 6 thoracic vertebrae, iliac crest and inferior 3-4 ribs. Distal: Floor of intertubercular sulcus of humerus. Innervation: thoracodorsal nerve Action: Extend, adducts, medially rotates humerus. |
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Levator Scapulae: proximal, distal attachment, innervation and main action |
Proximal: Posterior tubercles of transverse processes of c1-c4 Distal Attachment: medial border of scapula superior to spine of scapula Innervation: dorsal scapula, cervical nerces Actions: elevate scapula, rotate glenoid cavitity inferiorly. |
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Rhomboid Major + minor proximal, distal attachment, innervation and main action |
Proximal: minor: nuchal ligament, spinous process of c7-t1. Major: spinous processes of t2-t5 Distal: minor: medial scapula spine Major: medial border of scapula proximal, distal attachment, innervation Dorsal scapula nerve main action: retract scapula, rotate glenoid cavity inferiorly |
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Deltoid: proximal, distal attachment, innervation and main action |
Proximal: lateral 1/3 of clavicle acromion and spine of scapula Distal: Deltoid tuberosity of humerus Innervation: axillary nerve Action: anterior - flex, medially rotate, middle - abduct humerus, posterior - extension and lateral rotation |
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Supraspinatus proximal, distal attachment, innervation and main action |
Proximal: supraspinous fossa Distal: greater tubercle Innervation: suprascapular nerve Actions: initiate in abduction |
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Infraspinatus proximal, distal attachment, innervation and main action |
Proximal: Infraspinous fossa Distal: greater tubercle Innervation: suprascapular nerve Action: Lateral rotation |
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Teres major Proximal, Distal Attachment, Innervation and main action |
Proximal: inferior angle of scapula Distal: medial lip of intertubercular sulcus Innervation: subscapular nerve Action: adducts, medially rotate |
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