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The Saint displays the stigmata-marks resembling Christ's wounds- that miraculously appeared on his hands and feet. (appears cartoon-like, clothing closest to "realism")


painted in tempera on wood

Gold leaf(Real gold beaten into tissue-paper-thin sheets, then applied to surface. emphasizes images of flatness and spiritual nature. (Italo-Byzantine style)

Scenes depicting Francis's miracle cures and saints life, biblical narrative scenes (Byzantine) 4/6 scenes depict healing.

St. Francis was famous for his Spirituality.(Praying to birds aka poor people & nature in 1 scene)




Painted 9 years after Francis's death, is earliest know signed and dated representation of the Saint.

St. Francis believed he could get closer to God by rejecting worldly goods, and to achieve this he stripped himself bare in a public square and committed himself to a strict life of fasting, prayer, and meditation.



The apron scenes on either side of the St. Francis altarpiece show how Francis was like Christ.

St. Francis was the first Catholic saint to receive the stigmata, which were the marks of the crucifixion on hands and feet.

This altarpiece commemorates the life of St. Francis, who was a recent saint in the Catholic Church when this altarpiece was made.

This altarpiece is in a style that is a hybrid of the early Italian and Byzantine style.

Apron Scenes: Praying to Seraphim(recieves stigmata), Preaching Francis and the Bird(aka poor), the miracle of the pear, healing a leper, casting out demons

Depicts scenes form the infancy cycle of Christ

Mary appears twice, and sizes varies. The center focus is the reclining Virgin of Nativity (Leading Figure)

Classical Tradition: Leading Figure, Faces, beards, and coiffures

Nicola's son sculptor piece (of the same scene his father did.)

French Gothic Style: Mary somewhat shying away from Gabriel (*top left)
Joseph is somewhat agitated looking at the baptism of baby Jesus.(*bottom right)

Cimabue was one of the first Artist's to break from the Italo-Byzantine style in the 14th century. Although he relied on it on his models. He depicted the Madonna's massive throne as a receding into space. He challenged the new naturalism, close ...

Cimabue was one of the first Artist's to break from the Italo-Byzantine style in the 14th century. Although he relied on it on his models. He depicted the Madonna's massive throne as a receding into space.

He challenged the new naturalism, close observations of natural world.

Gold backgrounds reveal paints reliance on Byzantine models. (used in folds of clothing & halos)

Picture has the vanishing point (leading to Mary, going behind her)

Faces/body feature are close to Byzantine style.

Critics regarded Giotto di Bondone as the first Renaissance painter.

Pioneer in pursuing a naturalisc approach to representation based on observation.

Depicted Madonna on a high alte. Traditional Gold background. Mothers body is not lost in drapes.


Giotto used light and shadow to model Mary's body.

Giotto begins to create an illusion of space to contain his carefully modeled representation of Mary.

Through the inclusion of Old Testament prophets, panel paintings of this time, such as Giotto's Ognissanti Madonna suggest that Christ and Mary initiate a new religion with no ties to past traditions. - False

Angels are different in faces and positions


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