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57 Cards in this Set
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- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Standard deviation |
A descriptive statistic that expresses the variability and distribution of a set of scores relative to the mean |
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Adaptive behaviour |
The ability of an individual to meet the standards of personal independence as well as social responsibility appropriate for their chronological age and cultural group |
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Educable Mentally Retarded (EMR) |
Classification of a person with mild intellectual disabilities who typically develops functional academic skills at 3rd to 4th grade level; IQ range typically between 50-75 |
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Training Mentally Retarding (TMR) |
Classification of a person with moderate intellectual disabilities who is capable of learning self care and social skills; IQ typically 35-55 |
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Level of Support |
A classification scheme for individuals with intellectual disabilities that is based on the type and extent of assistance needed to function in various areas |
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Natural supports |
Assistance rendered family members, family, teachers, and coworkers |
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Formal supports |
Assistance provided by government social programs, habilitation services, or advocacy groups |
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Normalization |
A principle advocating that individuals with disabilities should be integrated, to the maximum extent possible, into all aspects of everyday living |
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Deinstitutionalization |
A movement whereby persons with IDs are relocated from large institutions to smaller, community based, group living settings |
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Etiology |
Term frequently used when describing the cause of a disability |
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Prenatal |
Events occuring before birth |
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Perinatal |
Events occuring during, at, or directly after birth |
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Postnatal |
Events occuring after birth |
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Down Syndrome |
A chromosomal abnormality frquently resulting in IDs with accompanyong distinctive physical features |
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Chronic villus sampling (CVS) |
A diagnostic medical procedure used to detect a variety of chromosomal abnormalities, usually conducted in the 1st trimester of pregnancy |
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Amniocentesis |
A diagnosis medical procedure performed to detect chromosomal and genetic abnormalities in a fetus |
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Theraputic abortion |
Elective termination of a pregnancy due to the presence of a birth defect |
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Fragile X syndrome |
A chromosomal abnormality leading to IDs along with physical abnormalities; believed to be the most common form of inherited IDs |
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Phenylketonuria (PKU) |
An inherited metabolic disorder resulting from the inability of the body to convert phenylalanine to tyrosine; can be detected at birth and controlled by diet; left untreated, consequences are often severe |
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Galactosemia |
An inborn error of metabolism that makes infants unable to process galactose, resulting in a variety of physical problems in addition to IDs; dietary intervention reduces potential for problems |
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Rubella |
A viral disease also known as German Measles; contact in 1st trimester often results in a variety of significant impairments |
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Syphilis |
A venereal disease; infection of the mother In the last trimester can cause IDs in the child |
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Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) |
An infectious disease caused by HIV that destroys the Immune system, leaving the person open to serious, life threatening diseases |
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Rh Incompatibility |
A condition that results when an Rh- woman carries an Rh+ fetus. Mothers will produce antibodies that can affect babies resulting from future pregnancies; often leads to IDs and other impairments if mother does not recieve an injection of Rho immune globulin |
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Toxoplasmosis |
A maternal infection resulting from contact with parasites; especially devastating if exposure occurs during 3rd trimester |
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Cytomegalovirus |
A common virus part of the herpes group; exposure during pregnancy can lead to severe damage to the fetus |
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Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) |
Results from mothers consumption fof alcohol while pregnant; mild to moderate IDs are common, along with physical deformities; a leading cause of IDs, but completely preventable |
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Fetal alcohol effect (FAE) |
A less severe and more subtle form of FAS; caused by drinking alcohol while pregnant |
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Anencephaly |
Cranial malformation; large part of brain fails to develop |
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Microcephaly |
A condition in which the head is unusually small, leading to inadequate development of the brain and resulting in IDs |
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Hydrocephalus |
A condition in which the head is unusually large due to an accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid; brain damage is often minimized by surgically implanting a shunt to remove excess fluid |
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Low birth weight |
A term frequently used to describe babies who are born weighing less than 5lb 8oz |
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Premature births |
Babies born prior to 37wks |
Preemies |
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Anoxia |
Loss of/inadequate supply of oxygen associated with birth process and frequently resulting in brain damage |
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Hypoxia |
Insufficient amount of oxygen to the brain; can result in brain damage |
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Birth trauma |
Difficulties associated with delivery |
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Breech presentation |
Fetus exits the birth canal butt first, rather than typical headfirst presentation |
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Precipitous birth |
Birth occurs in less than two hours |
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Lead poisoning |
An environmental toxin used at one time to make gas and paint; ingestion of lead can cause seizures, brain damage, and impaired CNS functioning |
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Meningitis |
A viral or bacterial infection of the membranes covering the brain and spinal cord; associated with hearing loss and IDs |
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Encephalitis |
An inflamation of the brain; may cause damage to the CNS |
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Generalizing |
The ability to transfer previously learned knowledge or skills acquired in one setting to another set of circumstances or situation |
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Functional curriculum |
A curriculum that emphasizes practical life skills rather than academic skills |
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Functional academics |
The application of life skills as a means of teaching academic tasks; core of many instructional programs for students with mild to moderate IDs |
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Community-based instruction |
A strategy for teaching functional skills in the environment in which they would naturally occur rather than in simulated settings |
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Task anaylsis |
An instructional methodology whereby complex tasks are analyzed and broken down into sequential component parts; each part is taught separately then as a whole |
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Cooperative learning |
Instructional process whereby heterogeneous groups of students work together on an assignment |
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Scaffolding |
A cognitive teaching strategy in which teacher provides temporary support to student who is learning a new task; supports are gradually removed as pupil becomes increasingly competent with the activity |
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Infant simulation |
Programs for infants with disabilities or those experiencing delays; emphasis usually on achieving developmental or cognitive milestones |
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Environmental at risk |
Youngsters who are biologicalbiologically typical yet encounter life experiences or environmental circumstances that are so limiting that there is a possibility of future delayed development |
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Biologically at risk |
Young children with a history of pre-, peri-, or postnatal conditions and developmental events that heighten the potential for later atypical development |
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Sheltered workshop |
A structured work environment for persons with disabilities in which vocational and social skills are often the focus of attention; may be temporary or permanent placement |
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Supported competitive employment |
At a work site for typical workers, individuals with disabilities are employed and work alongside their typical peers but receive ongoing assistance from a job coach |
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Job coach |
A person who supervises an individual with disabilities for all or part of the day to provide training, assistance, or support to maintain a job |
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Self determination |
Self advocacy efforts by an individual with a disability; expression of desire to live one's life according to one's own wishes; assuming personal control over one's life |
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Self advocacy |
Speaking out for one's personal preferences; protecting one's own interests |
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Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) |
Symbols, aids, strategies, and techniques used as a supplement or alternative to oral language |
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