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75 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Physical quantity |
A quantity that can be measured, consisting of a numerical magnitude and a unit. |
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Oscillation |
A complete to-and-fro movement of an object. |
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Period |
The time taken for one complete oscillation. |
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Scalar quantity |
Physical quantities that have magnitude only. |
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Vector quantity |
Physical quantities that have both magnitude and direction. |
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Speed |
The distance moved per unit time. |
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Velocity |
Rate of change of displacement. |
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Acceleration |
The rate of change of velocity. |
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Terminal velocity |
The state of an object where its weight is equal to the air resistance against it. |
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Newton's First Law of Motion |
Every object will continue in its state of rest or uniform motion in a straight line unless a resultant force acts on it. |
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Newton's Second Law of Motion |
When a resultant force acts on an object of a constant mass, the object will accelerate in the direction of the resultant force. The product of the mass and acceleration of the object gives the resultant force. |
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Newton's Third Law of Motion |
For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. |
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Friction |
The contact force that opposes or tends to oppose motion between surfaces in contact. |
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Mass |
The amount of matter in a body. |
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Weight |
The gravitational force, or gravity, acting on an object. |
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Gravitational field |
A region in which a mass experiences a force due to gravitational attraction. |
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Gravitational field strength |
The gravitational force acting per unit mass. |
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Inertia |
The reluctance of an object to change its state of rest or motion, due to its mass. |
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Moment of a force |
The product of the force F and the perpendicular distance d from the pivot to the line of action of the force. |
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Principle of Moments |
When a body is in equilibrium, the sum of clockwise moments about a pivot is equal to the sum of anti-clockwise moments about the same pivot . |
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Centre of gravity |
The point through which the whole weight of an object appears to act. |
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Energy |
The ability to do work. |
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Principle of Conservation of Energy |
Energy cannot be created or destroyed, but can be converted from one form to another. The total energy in an isolated system is constant. |
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Work done |
The product of the force and the distance moved by the object in the direction of the force. |
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Power |
The rate of work done or rate of energy conversion. |
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Pressure |
The force acting per unit area. |
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Temperature |
Refers to how hot or cold an object is. |
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Heat |
R efers to the amount of thermal energy that is being transferred from a hotter to a colder region. |
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Ice point |
The lower fixed point. It is the temperature of pure melting ice at one atmosphere, and it is assigned a value of 0°C. |
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Steam point |
The upper fixed point.It is the temperature of steam from water boiling at one atmosphere, and is assigned a value of 100°C. |
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Kinetic model of matter. |
The theory that the tiny particles that make up matter are always in continuous random motion. |
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Conduction |
The transfer of thermal energy through a medium without any flow of the medium. |
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Convection |
The transfer of thermal energy by means of convection current in a fluid (liquid or gas), due to a difference in density. |
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Radiation |
The transfer of thermal energy in the form of electromagnetic waves such as infrared radiation without the aid of a medium. |
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Heat capacity (C) |
The amount of thermal energy required to raise the temperature of a substance by 1K. |
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Specific heat capacity |
The amount of thermal energy required to raise the temperature of a unit mass of a substance by 1K. |
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Latent heat |
The energy released or absorbed by a substance during a change of state, without a change in its temperature. |
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Latent heat of fusion (L) |
The amount of thermal energy required to change a substance from one solid state to liquid state, without a change in temperature. |
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Specific latent heat of fusion (l) |
The amount of thermal energy required to change unit mass of the substance from solid state to liquid state, without a change in temperature. |
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Latent heat of vaporisation |
The amount of thermal energy require to change a substance from liquid state to gaseous state, without a change in temperature. |
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Specific latent heat of vaporisation |
The amount of thermal energy require to change unit mass of a substance from liquid state to gaseous state, without a change in temperature. |
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First law of reflection |
The incident ray, reflected ray and the normal at the point of incidence all lie in the same plane. |
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Second law of reflection |
The angle of incidence i is equal to the angle of reflection r. |
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Refraction |
The bending of light as it passes from one optical medium to another. |
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Critical angle |
The angle of incidence in an optically denser for which the angle of refraction in the optically dense medium is 90°. |
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Total internal reflection |
The complete reflection of a light ray side an optically denser medium at its boundary with an optically less dense medium. |
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Focal length |
The distance between the optical centre C and the focal point f. |
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Transverse waves |
Waves that travel perpendicular to the direction of the vibration. |
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Longitudinal waves |
Waves that travel parallel to the direction of the vibration. |
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Amplitude |
The maximum displacement of a point from its rest position. |
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Wavelength |
The shortest distance between any two points in phase. |
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Period |
The tim taken to produce one complete oscillation. |
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Frequency |
The number of complete waves produce per second. |
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Wavespeed |
The distance travelled by a wave per second. |
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Wavefront |
An imaginary line on a wave that joins all adjacent points that are in phase. |
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Sound |
A form of energy that is transferred from one point to another as a longitudinal wave. |
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Echo |
The repetition of a sound due to the refection of sound |
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Ultrasound |
A sound with frequencies above the upper limit of the human range of audibility |
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Pitch |
Related to the frequency of a sound wave - the higher the frequency, the higher the pitch |
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Loudness |
Related to the amplitude of a sound wave - the larger the amplitude, the louder the sound |
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Electric force |
The attractive or repulsive force that electric charges exert on one another |
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Electric field |
A region in which an electric charge experiences an electric force |
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Electric current |
Rate of flow of electric charge Q |
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Electromotive force (e.m.f.) |
The work dome by the source in driving a unit charge around a complete circuit |
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Potential difference (p.d.) |
The work done to drive a unit charge through the component |
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Resistance |
The ratio of the potential difference V across it to the current I flowing through it |
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Ohm's Law |
The current passing through a metallic conductor is directly proportional to the potential difference across it, provided that physical conditions remain constant |
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Potential divider |
A line of resistors connected in series. It is used to provide a fraction of the voltage of a source to another part of the circuit |
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Input transducers |
Electronic devices that convert non-electrical energy to electrical energy |
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Magnetic field |
The region surrounding a magnet, in which a body of magnetic material experiences a magnetic force. |
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Motor effect |
A current-carrying conductor experiences a force when placed in a magnetic field |
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Electro magnetic induction |
The process through which an induced e.m.f. is produced in a conductor due to a changing magnetic field |
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Faraday's Law of electromagnetic induction |
The magnitude of the induced e.m.f. in a circuit is directly proportional to the rate of change of magnetic flux in the circuit |
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Lenz's Law |
The direction of the induce e.m.f., and hence the induce current in a closed circuit is always such that its magnetic effect opposes the motion or change producing it |
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Transformer |
A device that can change a high alternating current (at low current) to a low alternating voltage (at high current), or vice versa |