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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
abolitionist
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a person who wanted to do away with slavery
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absolute monarchy
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authoritarian government in which all authority is held by a king or queen.
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acid rain
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type of precipitation made acidic by air pollutants as a result of burning fossil fuels
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Age of Exploration
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the period during which European nations sponsored expeditions by sea to unknown parts of the world (1400s -1600s)
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amendment
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addition or change to a constitution
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appropriate information
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information that supports an idea, generalization, or conclusion
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aristocracy
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the highest social class, usually of noble birth; means "rule by the best"
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arms race
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the competition (1950s through the 1980s) between the United States and the Soviet Union to develop nuclear weapons
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Articles of Confederation
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the first U.S. constitution (1781-1789), which established a confederation of sovereign states
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assumption
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an idea, theory, or principle that a person believes to be true; something taken for granted and not explained
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authoritarian
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advocating obedience; not allowing personal liberty
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authority
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power to give orders, take action, and command obedience; party having this power
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balance of trade
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the diference between the total value of goods and services exported and the total value of goods and services imported
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barter system
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economic system in which goods and services are exchanged between two parties, rather than being paid for with money
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bias
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a strong opinion held by a person about a topic, often unfairly or without good reason
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bicameral
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consisting of two legislative bodies
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Bill of Rights
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first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution, listing the rights of individuals
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boycott
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a form of protest in which a group refuses to buy the products of a country or company until it makes some demanded change
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breakwater
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a wall built in a lake or sea to protect a shoreline from the force of waves
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business cycle
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the increasing and decreasing of business activity through four phases: expansion, peak, contraction, and trough
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cabinet
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a group of advisors to a chief executive
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cause
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what makes something happen or produces a result or consequence
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centralized government
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a type of government in which political power is held at one point
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charter
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a document that establishes an organization, such as a city or a corporation, and defines organization type and purpose
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city-state
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an early form of organization and government; town or city and land it controls
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civil rights
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the rights and freedoms democratic governments guarantee to all citizens
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Civil War
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a sectional conflict between the Northern ans Southern states (1861 to 1865)
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civilization
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an advanced and highly organized society; the culture, society, and way of life in a particular place during a particular time
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clan
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group of people with a common ancestor
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climate
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the general weather conditions of an area over a long period of time
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Cold War
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struggle for world power between the United States and the Soviet Union (1945 until the Soviet Union's collapse in 1989)
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collective bargaining
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a negotiation between employers and labor union leaders regarding working conditions, pay, and other issues
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colonial
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relating to a colony or area controlled and settled by people from another country
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colonists
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persons who leave their native country to settle in a colony
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colonization
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sending people to establish political, cultural, and economic control over another area
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communism
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an economic system in which the governemnt owns the means of production and plans the economy of the nation
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Communist Bloc
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a group of nations allied with the Soviet Union during the Cold War
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compare
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to look for similarities in things
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compass rose
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map tool indicating the four principal directions-North, South, East, West
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concept
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an idea or principle that applies to a variety of separate situations or circumstances
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conclusion
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a judgment or decision based on facts and details
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conservation
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the careful use and protection of natural resources
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constitution
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a plan that provides the basic organization and rules for a government
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context
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the circumstances or setting in which an event occurs
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continents
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seven large landmasses on Earth
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contraction
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a reduction in business activity
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contrast
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to look for differences in things
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cost-push inflation
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higher prices caused by a push for higher wages (wage-price spiral)
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Crusades
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expeditions from Europe to the Middle East (11th and 14th centuries) to impose Christian rule on Muslin areas
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culture
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the knowledge, beliefs, arts, morals, laws, and customs of a society
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