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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Heartburn
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-caused by hydrochloric acid from the stomach contacting the esophageal lining causing irritation
-treated with antacids, bases that neutralize stomach acids |
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Acids
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-taste sour, dissolve metals, turn blue litmus paper red, neutralizes bases
-common acids: hydrochloric(HCl), sulfuric(H2SO4), nitric(HNO3), carboxylic acids |
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Bases
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-taste bitter, feels slippery, turn red litmus paper blue, and neutralizes acids
-common bases: sodium hydroxide, sodium bicarbonate, potassium hydroxide |
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Arrhenius definition of acids and bases
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acid- produces hydrogen ions
base- produces hydroxide ions |
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Bronsted-Lowry definition of acids and bases
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acid- proton (hydrogen ion) donor
base- proton acceptor |
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Acid ionization constant, Ka
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describes the extent of dissociation of a weak acid
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Polyprotic acids
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-contain two or more ionizable protons
-ionize in successive steps, with the values of Ka becoming smaller for each step -in many cases, the [H3O+] can be determined by considering nly the first ionization step |
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For binary acids, acid strength increases with
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-decreasing bond energy
-increasing polarity |
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Oxyacid strength increases with
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-the electronegativity of the atoms bonded to the oxygen atom
-the number of oxygen atoms in the molecule |
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Lewis definition of acids and bases
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acid- electron pair acceptor
base- electron pair donor |
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Acid rain
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-the combustion of fossil fuels produces oxides of sulfur and nitrogen, which reacts with oxygen and water to form sulfuric and nitric acids
-these acids then combine with rain to form acid rain |
