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207 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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H
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hydrogen
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He
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helium
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Li
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lithium
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Be
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beryllium
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B
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boron
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C
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carbon
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N
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nitrogen
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O
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oxygen
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F
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fluorine
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Ne
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neon
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Na
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sodium
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Mg
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magnesium
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Al
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aluminum
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Si
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silicon
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Cl
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chlorine
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Ar
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argon
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K
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potassium
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Ca
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calcium
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Sc
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scandium
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Ti
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titanium
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V
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vanadium
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Cr
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chromium
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Mn
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manganese
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Fe
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iron
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Co
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cobalt
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Ni
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nickel
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Cu
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copper
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Zn
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zinc
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Ga
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gallium
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Ge
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germanium
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As
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arsenic
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Se
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selenium
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Br
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bromine
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Kr
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krypton
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Rb
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rubidium
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Sr
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strontium
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Y
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ytrium
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Zr
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zirconium
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Nb
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niobium
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Mo
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molybdenum
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Ru
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ruthenium
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Rh
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rhodium
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Pd
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palladium
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Ag
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silver
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Cd
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cadmium
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In
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indium
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Sn
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tin
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Sb
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antimony
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Te
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tellurium
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I
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iodine
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Xe
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xenon
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Cs
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cesium
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Ba
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barium
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La
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lanthanum
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Hf
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hafnium
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Ta
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tantalum
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W
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tungsten
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Re
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rhenium
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Os
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osmium
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Ir
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iridium
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Pt
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platinum
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Au
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gold
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Hg
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mercury
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Tl
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thallium
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Pb
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lead
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Bi
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bismuth
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Po
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polonium
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At
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astatine
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Rn
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radon
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Fr
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francium
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Ra
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radium
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homogeneous mixture
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the constituents are distributed evenly throughout
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heterogeneous mixture
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its individual components can be seen as separate substances
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law of constant composition
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every sample of a particular compound always contains the same elements combined in the same proportions
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filtration
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passing water through a substance to separate or dissolve particles
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distillation
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to heat until vaporized
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intensive properties
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properties that characterize a substance independent or regardless of the quantity of the material present
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extensive properties
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properties of a particular sample of a substance which depend on how much of the substance is present
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density
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mass over volume
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solid
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has definite volume and shape
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liquid
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occupies a definite volume, but does not have definite shape
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gas
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does not have a definite volume or a definite shape
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sublimination
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transformation of solid directly to vapor
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deposition
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transformation directly from solid to liquid
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scientific method (8 steps)
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1) observation
2) scientific question 3) hypothesis 4) narrow down hypothesis 5) test 6) modify, reject or accept 7) form theory 8) theory is formed unless later experiments or observations show it is not reliable |
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mega
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1)M
2)10 to the 6 3)1,000,000 |
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kilo
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1) k
2) 10 to the 3 3) 1,000 |
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deci
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1) d
2) 10 to the -1 3) .1 |
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centi
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1) c
2) 10 to the -2 3) .01 |
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milli
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1) m
2) 10 to the -3 3) .001 |
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micro
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1) u (with a stem)
2) 10 to the -6 3) .000001 |
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nano
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1) n
2) 10 to the -9 3) .000000001 |
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deka
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1) da
2) 10 to the 1 3) 10 |
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Precision
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the repeatability of a measurement and the extent to which repeated measurements agree among themselves (e.g., consistently wrong)
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Accuracy
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the agreement between an experimental value and the true value
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Law of Multiple Proportions
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the ratio of the masses of one element, Y, that react with a given mass of another element, X, to form any two compounds is the ratio of two small whole numbers
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The Rutherford Model of Atomic Structure
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When electricity is passed through a glass tube with not much air in it, cathode rays are produced. The particles in cathode rays are electrons.
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proton
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a positively charged subatomic particle in the nucleus of the atom
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nucleus
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contains all of the positive charge and nearly all the mass in an atom
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neutron
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electrically neutral or uncharged subatomic particle in the nucleus of an atom
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isotopes
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atoms of an elements whose nuclei have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons
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atomic number
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number of protons in an element
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mass number
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total number of nucleons (protons and neutrons) in an atom
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To find the average atomic mass:
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Take the exact mass of the isotope in amu and multiply it by its natural abundance (in decimal form divided by 100). So 90% = .90. Do that for every isotope and add up the sum.
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Periods
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horizontal rows
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groups or families
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columns
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transition metals
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group 3-12 in the periodic table of elements
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halogens
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F, Cl, Br, I, At (Group 17)
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alkali metal
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Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr (Group 1)
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alkaline earth metals
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Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra (group 2)
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diatomic molecules
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N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2, H2 (magnificent seven)
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noble gases
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He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn (Group 8)
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molecular compounds
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only nonmetal atoms
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ionic compounds
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contain a metal
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cations
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positively charged ions
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anions
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negatively charged ions
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binary compounds
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two different elements
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Na charge
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1
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H charge
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1
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Li charge
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1
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K charge
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1
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Rb charge
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1
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Cs charge
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1
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Mg charge
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2
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Ca charge
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2
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Sr charge
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2
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Ba charge
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2
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Sc charge
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3
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Ti charge
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3 or 4
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V charge
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3 or 5
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Cr charge
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3
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Mn charge
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2 or 4
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Fe charge
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2 or 3
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Co charge
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2 or 3
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Ni charge
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2
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Cu charge
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1 or 2
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Ag charge
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1
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Zn charge
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2
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Cd charge
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2
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Hg charge
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2
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Al charge
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3
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Ga charge
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3
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In charge
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3
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Tl charge
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1 or 3
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Sn charge
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2 or 4
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Pb charge
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2 or 4
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N charge
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3-
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P charge
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3-
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O charge
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2-
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S charge
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2-
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Se charge
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2-
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Te charge
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2-
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F charge
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1-
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Cl charge
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1-
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Br charge
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1-
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I charge
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1-
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one
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mono
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two
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di
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three
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tri
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four
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tetra
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five
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penta
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six
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hexa
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seven
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hepta
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eight
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octa
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nine
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nona
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ten
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deca
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acetate
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CH3COO (charge -)
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ammonium
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NH4 (charge +)
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azide
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N3 (charge -)
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bromide
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Br (charge -)
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carbonate
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CO3 (charge 2-)
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chlorate
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ClO3 (charge -)
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chloride
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Cl (charge -)
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chromate
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CrO4 (charge 2-)
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Cyanide
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Cn (charge -)
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Bicardbonate/hydrogen carbonate
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HCO3 (charge -)
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Bisulfite/hydrogen carbonate
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HSO3 (charge -)
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Dichromate
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Cr2Oz (charge 2-)
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Dihydrogen phosphate
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H2PO4 (charge -)
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Disulfide
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S2 (charge 2-)
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Flouride
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F (charge -)
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hydride
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H (charge -)
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hydrogen phosphate
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HPO4 (charge 2-)
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hydroxide
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OH (charge -)
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nitrate
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NO3 (charge -)
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nitride
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N3 (charge -)
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nitrite
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NO2 (charge -)
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oxide
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O (2-)
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perchlorate
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ClO4 (charge 2-)
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permanganate
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MnO4 (charge -)
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Peroxide
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O2 ( charge 2-)
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phosphate
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PO4 (charge 3-)
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sulfate
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SO4 (charge 2-)
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sulfide
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S (charge of 2-)
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sulfite
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SO3 (charge of 2-)
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thiocyanate
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SCN (charge of -)
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hypochlorite
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ClO-
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Chlorite
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ClO2 (charge of -)
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chlorate
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ClO3 (charge of -)
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perchlorate
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ClO4 (charge of -)
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hypochlorous acid
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HCLO
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chlorous acid
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HClO2
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chloric acid
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HClO3
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perchloric acid
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HCLO4
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avogadro's number
|
6.0222 x 10^23
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combustion reaction
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X (e.g., CH4) + O2 --> H2O and CO2
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hydrocarbons
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compounds of only carbon and hydrogen
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