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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Variation:
Phenotypic versus Genotypic. |
Phenotypic: Size, behavior, blood type...
Genotypic: Bloodtype, PTC tasting... |
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What is Polymorphism?
Protein & chromosomal polymorphism? |
Slight changes in a population.
Protein lengths & shapes. Chromosome sizes and shapes. |
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Hardy Weinberg equilibrium definition.
Formula & assumptions. |
For given phenotypes A & a, the population should have ratios in genotypes of 1:2:1 for AA Aa & aa. The formula is p^2 + 2pq + q ^2 = 1.
Assume that: Random mating Large Population No selection No mutation No migration |
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PTC tasting is dominant or recessive?
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It is dominant.
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Inbreeding causes:
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Homozygousity
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Positive versus negative assortive mating. What does positive assortive mating cause?
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Positive seeks like genotype and causes homozygousity. Negative seeks unlike genotype.
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Describe mutation as a source of variation.
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It is the root cause but very slow and cannot account for rapid changes in a population.
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Recombination:
Linkage equilibrium versus linkage disequilibrium. |
Linkage equilibrium alleles are at loci that sort independently such as different chromosomes or far apart on the same chromosome.
Linkage disequilibrium alleles sort together because their loci are close. This decays over generations. |
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Two aspects of fitness and how it is measured.
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Survival probability and average fecundity, it is measured at the same time during life.
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Selection & frequency independence versus frequency dependence.
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Frequency independence: between creature and environment, ie plant with deep roots.
Frequency dependent: other members of population have an affect. ie: common markings are better or vice versa. |
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Heterozygote advantages. (2)
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Overdominance: AA is very rare, so Aa becomes the most fit.
Hybrid vigor: Best of both homozygous, adaptable (aka heterosis) |
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Genetic drift comes from? And what two events?
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Population size.
Founder effects: Colonizers start new pop. Bottleneck events. |
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Genetic drift effect on new mutations.
(without accounting for selection) |
Either eliminated or spreads throughout population.
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