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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what are the phenotypes of myoclonic ragged fiber disease
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epilepsy
dementia deafness |
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define maternal effect
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genotype of mother determines the phenotype of progeny
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are nurse cells haploid or diploid
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diploid
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what do nurse cells do
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deposit RNA into the egg for use in early development
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define population
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all of the individuals within some group that can itnerbreed
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define gene pool
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all of the alleles present within a pop
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define allele frequency
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all copies of one allel in a pol/total number of alleles
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define genotype freq
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tota number of individuals with genotype divded by total number of ind in a pop
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MM 100
MN 150 NN 50 find allele freq of M and N |
M= 175/300
N = 250/300 |
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define HW
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mathematical expression that relates genotype and allele freq
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what are the requirements of HW
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PMMMN
pop large mating selective no migration no mutation no natural selection |
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give the equation for allele freq. genotypic freq.
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P + Q = 1
P^2 + 2pq + Q^2 = 1 |
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does the requirement for random mating require that it be for everything in the pop or for a certain locus
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for what is on the locus of interest
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does migration have a big short term effect? natural selection?
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yes, both can have a major shortterm effect
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does mutation have a long or short term effect
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long term
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if 4% of a pop in HW express recessive trait, what is the probability that the offspring of two individuals who do not express the trait will have a child that will?
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2.56
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given R2R2 = 135 abd R2R3 = 44 how do you find allele freq
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add up alleles and divide by total
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df= ( in HW)
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k - 1 - m
genotypes - 1 - number individual alleles |
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k stands for
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genotypes
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m stands for
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number individual alleles
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what are two examples of non random mating
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conquering armies
inbreeding |
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why does inbreeding depression occur
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see more of rec. traits which are usually deletrious
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define migration
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when allele freq changes due to an influx of new individuals into a pop
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what is the term for two populatison that used to be separate that now intermingle
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conglomerate
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what is the equation for the p of the conglomerate pop
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pr = (%mig)(pm) + (%recip)(pr)
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define genetic drift
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random changes in allele freq due to sampling errors
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genetic drift often occurs in ____ pops
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small
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what are two types of genetic drift
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founder effect
bottleneck |
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define bottleneck
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catastrophic even reduces a large pop to a small pop which then expands
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what are the results of genetic drift
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allelic freq change in pop
loss of variation genetic divergence between pops |
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define fitness
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describes the relative reproductive success of one genotype compared to another
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define natural selection
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one genotype outcompetes another because they have more progeny
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what are three types of selection
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directional
disruptive stabilizing |
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what is the heterozygot superiority hypothesis
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when the heterozygote is more fit than the homozygote
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