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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
euploidy
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cells that contain only complete sets of chromosomes
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Aneuploidy can result from non-disjunction in _________ meiotic division
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either the first
or second |
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Turner’s syndrome =
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XO
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Klinefelter’s syndrome =
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XXY
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Barr body
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transcriptionally
inactivate one X chromosome in XX individuals |
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How many Barr bodies would you see in:
a XY male? a XX female? a XXY male? a XXX female? a XO female? |
a XY male? 0
a XX female? 1 a XXY male? 1 a XXX female? 2 a XO female? 0 |
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If X linked recessive:
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more males will have the trait
the mutation will never pass from father to son affected males will pass the mutation to their daughters who will be carriers rare affected females will have sons with the trait and her daughters will be carriers |
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If X linked dominant:
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more females than males show the trait
all the daughters, but none of the sons, of an affected male will be affected one half the sons and one half the daughters of an affected female will be affected the trait is seen in every generation |
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If Y linked:
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the trait is seen only in males
all males descended from an affected male have the trait women do not exhibit the trait nor do they transmit it |
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Joe visited a fertility clinic and was found to have a 44+XXY chromosome composition and to be sterile. Which of the following would NOT explain how Joe inherited his unusual set of sex chromosomes?
A) non-disjunction in Mom during meiosis I B) non-disjunction in Mom during meiosis II C) non-disjunction in Dad during meiosis I non-disjunction in Dad during meiosis II all of the above could have given Joe his XXY |
non-disjunction in Dad during meiosis II
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null or amorphic is?
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loss of function
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dominant or recessive:
null or amorphic |
recessive
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dominant or recessive:
hypermorphic |
recessive
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dominant or recessive:
haploinsufficient |
dominant
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dominant or recessive:
gain of function or neomorphic |
dominant
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prototroph
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makes its own factors and can grow on minimal media
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null mutation
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no functional protein
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True or false?
most mutations eliminate or impair protein function |
True!
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hypomorphic mutation
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reduced protein or reduced function
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neomorphic mutation
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protein has novel function
(e.g. Huntington’s disease) or is expressed & functions at wrong time or in wrong place (e.g. Antennapedia in fruit flies) |
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hypermorphic mutation
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too much or too active
protein messes things up |
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dominant negative mutation
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one aberrant
subunit cripples a multi-subunit complex |
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Meiotic recombination “_____” genes on the same
chromosome |
Meiotic recombination “unlinks” genes on the same
chromosome |
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genes that are on the same
chromosome but are far apart will exhibit __% recombination frequency |
genes that are on the same
chromosome but are far apart will exhibit 50% recombination frequency |
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Genes that are linked exhibit ___%
recombination frequency |
Genes that are linked exhibit <50%
recombination frequency |
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1 map unit (m.u.) = _% recombination = _ centimorgan (cM)
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1 map unit (m.u.) = 1% recombination = 1 centimorgan (cM)
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The G and H genes are 20 m.u. apart on chromosome 3.
In a population of gametes from a gh/GH individual, what % of chromosome 3’s would you expect to be recombinant? |
20%
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The G and H genes are 20 m.u. apart on chromosome 3.
In a population of gametes from a gh/GH individual, What % of chromosome 3’s would you expect to be gH? |
10%
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The B and E genes are 10 m.u. apart on chromosome 21.
In a population of gametes from a Be/bE individual, what % of chromosome 21’s would you expect to be parental? |
90%
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The S and T genes are far apart (i.e. at opposite ends) on chromosome 8. In a population of meiosis events, what % of meiosis events would you expect to have a c.o. (at least 1) between the S and T genes?
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100%
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The G and H genes are 20 m.u. apart on chromosome 3.
In a population of meiosis events from a gh/GH individual, what % of meiosis events would you expect to have a c.o. between the G and H genes? |
40%
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