Geo Exam 2

Rocks formed by the cooling and solidifying of molten materials

Molten materials Underground

Molten materials above ground

Gas

Rocks that form from lava at the surface of the Earth

Rocks that form from magma Underground

70% Silicia

50% si/o 50%fe/mg

25% dark silicates

Mostly iron and magnesium, periodotite is ultramafic

Liquid, solids, gases

Aphanitic, phaneritic, vesicular, glassy, porphyritic, and pyroclastic

Following grain fast cooling I produced in lava flow

Coarse grain cooled slowly in magma chamber

Gas, void space, produced on top of frothy lava flow

High Si content, no minerals, produced in lava flow

Start schooling underground finishes cooling above ground has coarse and fine grain mineral

Hot cold tephra existing rocks shooting out places and stuff

Felsic intermediate mafic ultramafic

Slow cooling equals big crystals fast cooling equals small

They're both felsic rocks granite cool slower and rhyolite has much finer Crystal giving it a glassy appearance

The overall appearance size shape and arrangement of mminerals

Light color has more silica content dark color has more iron magnesium content

When a confining pressure drops efficiently decompression melting is true word it occurs were hot solid mantle Rock and Sons Moving in to regions of lower pressure, also occurs when ascending mantle plumes reach the uppermost mantle

Reduces viscosity in magma it forms at locations where hot mantle this is what's volatile

Decreases viscosity

Magma changing composition, generating more than one rock type from a single magma

Occurs when earlier forms minerals are denser than the liquid portion and sink to the bottom of the magma chamber

When magma rises the dislodge is surrounding rocks and the Rocks melt and become part of the magma body

Lenox to separate magma Chambers join together and create a single Mass, the more buoyant mass overtakes the slowly Rising body

Thet will lower the melting temperature of rock allowing it to melt

Measure of fluids resistance to flow

A'a' and pahoehoe

Low si, more fluid-like

Top cools starts forming glass, quiet

Chunky glass, slow, comes out cooler, crunchy

Lava that has a surface of angular blocks associated with material having andesitic and rhyolitic compositions

Volcanic rock ejected during the eruption includes Ash bombs in blocks

A crack in a rock along where there is is distinct separation

Surface opening of a conduit or pipe

Bra gentle sleeping volcano built from fluid basaltic lavas

Volcano composed of both lava flows and pyroclastic material

Highly textured mixture largely of Ash and pumice fragments that travels down the flanks of a volcano or along the surface of the ground

A debris flow on the slopes of a volcano that results when unstable layers of Ash and debris become saturated and flow downslope usually following stream channels

Large depression typically caused by collapse ejection of summit area of volcano

Flows of basaltic lava that issue from numerous cracks or fissures and commonly cover extensive areas to thickness of hundreds of meters

Temperature volatile content and silica content, increase in temperature equals decrease in viscosity, increase in volatile gases equals decrease in viscosity, increase in silica content equals increase in viscosity

Rhyolitic(felsic), andesitic (intermediate), basaltic (mafic)

Water, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and sulfur dioxide. These gases escaped as a confining pressure over magma is released releasing the gases into the atmosphere

Palee hair and tears -thin strands of glass

Lapilli(cinders) 2mm-64mm

Bombs>64 mm

Ocean floor

50% silica oxygen 50% iron magnesium, low viscosity, least pyroclastic, when did 2% gas content

A crater is a small depression at the top of a volcano Caldera is a crater that has a diameter greater than 1 km

The conduit is the to which magma flows from the magma chamber to the vent, the vent is where magma is emitted from a volcano, a crater is a bowl like depression at the top of a volcano

Cinder cones are much smaller and steeper than shield volcanoes

Basaltic, generally loose scoria

Silica-rich magma within andesitic composition High viscosity

Lahars are volcanic mudflows created when Mater and Ash mix and can occur long after a volcanic eruption pyroclastic flows are Avalanches containing a hot volcanic gases Josh and Volcanic bombs

The ring of fire in a narrow Zone that rims the Pacific Ocean

A rather small volcano built primarily of ejected lava fragments that consists mostly of Pea to Walnut