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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
PHYSICAL WEATHERING
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BREAKS SOLID EARTH MATERIAL DOWN INTO SMALLER AND SMALLER CHUNKS-- RESULTS IN INCREASE IN SURFACE AREA
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CHEMICAL WEATHERING
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FLUIDS AND GASES INTERACT BETWEEN SURFACE AND GROUND-CHANGE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
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WEATHERING
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PROCESS THAT RENDERS SOLID ROCK INTO A LOOSE UNCONSOLIDATED MANTLE OF EARTH MATERIAL
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JOINTS
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SURFACES ACROSS WHICH SOLID EARTH MATERIAL HAS LOST COHESION AND ACROSS WHICH THERE IS NO PERCEPTIBLE MOVEMENT
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EXFOLIATION SHEET / PRESSURE RELEASE JOINTS
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JOINTS PARALLEL TO THE LAND SURFACE
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EXTENSION JOINTS
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NEARLY VERTICAL JOINTS
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WATER EXPANDS BY
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9 PERCENT!
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ICE WEDGING
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WHEN WATER SETTLES INTO A CRACK AND FREEZES, FORCING THE ROCK APART AND BREAKING IT INTO PIECES
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ABBRASION
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AS PARTICLES RUB AGAINST SOLID ROCK AND BREAK IT DOWN
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EXAMPLES OF PHYSICAL WEATHERING
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JOINTING, ROOT GROWTH, ABRASION, ICE WEDGING
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EXAMPLES OF CHEMICAL WEATHERING
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FORMATION OF HEMATITE, DISSOLUSION OF CALCITE, OXIDATION OF IRON DURING WEATHERING OF BIOTITE
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BRICK RED STREAK
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HEMOTITE
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2FE203 (IRON IS OXIDIZED)
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HEMOTITE
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CO2+H20
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H2CO3 (CARBONIC ACID)
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CAC03+ H2CO3=
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CALCITE+ CARBONIC ACID = Ca++ + 2HCO3- DESCRIBES DISSOLUTION OF CALCITE (OCCURS IN SOUTHWESTERN US)
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QUARTSZITE
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HOLDS UP RIDGES
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LIMESTONE OCCURS IN
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LOW LYING VALLEY REGIONS
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LIMESTONE IS IN ....BECAUSE IT...
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PENNSYLVANIA WEATHERS READILY
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DIFFERENTIAL WEATHERING
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THE DIFFERENCE IN WEATHERING PATTERNS FOR DIFFERENT ROCKS AND MINERALS
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SOIL
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BODY CONSISTING OF LAYERS OF MINERALS...DIFFERENT THICKNESSES
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SOIL IS DIFFERENT FROM PARENT MATERIALS BY
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MORPHOLOGICAL, CHEMICAL, PHYSICAL, MINERALOGICAL PROPERTIES AND BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS.
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NAME THE SIX MASTER HORIZONS OF SOIL
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O, A, E, B, C AND R
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ELUVIATION
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PROCESS RESPONSIBLE FOR LEECHING OF ELEMENTS AND REMOVAL OF CLAY PARTICLES IN UPPER SOIL
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ILLUVIATION
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PROCESS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE PRECIPITATION AND DEPRIVATION OF ELEMENTS AND FINE CLAY PARTICLES IN MIDDLE OF SOIL
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O MASTER HORIZON
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ORGANIC LITTER IN VARIOUS STAGES OF COMPOSITION
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A MASTER HORIZON
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MIXTURE OF ORGANIC MATERIAL AND MINERAL AND ROCK FRAGMENTS
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E MASTER HORIZON
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SOIL LAYER THAT HAS BEEN EXTENSIVLY LEECHED OF ITS SOLUABLE AND FINER GRAIN COMPONENTS. WHITE IN COLOR. COMPOSED OF QUARTS.
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B MASTER HORIZON
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ZONE OF DEPOSITION. CLAYS ARE CARRIED DOWNWARD
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ZONE OF LEECHING
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A AND E MASTER HORIZONS. ILLUVIATION IS CONSTANT
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B MASTER HORIZON
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CLAYS CARRIED DOWNWARD FROM SOIL AND DEPOSITED INTO B. ZONE OF DEPOSITION.
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HOW DO THE C AND R MASTER HORIZONS DIFFER?
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R IS UNWEATHERED PARENT ROCK MATERIAL.
C IS WEATHERED PARENT MATERIAL. |
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HOW DOES CLIMATE AFFECT SOIL DEVOLOPMENT?
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SOUTHWEST IS COMPOSED OF CALCITE AND HALIGHT
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CLIMATE
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COMBINATION OF PRECIPITATION AND TEMPERATURE
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AVERAGE TEMPERATURE INCREASES FROM
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NORTH TO SOUTH.
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INCREASED TEMERATURE MEANS
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INCREASED RATE OF BIO-CHEMICAL REACTIONS. EASTERN=MOST WEATHERED SOILS.
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TOPOGRAPHIC RELIEF
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SOILS ON SLOPES LESS THICK THEN SOILS ON FLAT SURFACES
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COMPOSITION
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CRYSTALLIN MATERIAL=RESIDUAL
MATERIAL BROUGHT BY WIND, ICE.... TRANSPORTED MATERIAL |
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ORGANIC ACTIVITY
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ACIDS DISSOLVES ELEMENTS FROM ROCK MASS, AS THEY GO DOWN, ROOTS ABSORB
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WHAT ARE THE 12 SOIL ORDERS?
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ENTISOLS, INCEPTISOLS, ALFISOLES, SPODOSOLS, ULTRASOLS, AND OXISOLES
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EIASUO
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SOILS THAT REFLECT VARIATION IN INTENSITY
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ENTISOL
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MASTER HORIZON DEVOLOPMENT OTHER THEN A DOES NOT OCCUR IN THESE
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Carbon Dioxide
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(C02) makes up .035% of atmosphere.
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Limestones are composed of:
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Calcite
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Plagioclase is more suceptible to weathering compared to:
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k-Feldspar
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ABYSSAL PLAIN
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REGION OF SEA FLOOR LYING ADJACENT TO AND OCEANWARD OF THE CONTINENTAL RISE.
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A HORIZON
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FOUND IN A WEATHERING PROFILE UNDERLYING THE O HORIZON. LOAMY. ZONE OF LEACHING.
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ALLUVIAL FAN
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A FAN LIKE ACCUMULATION OF GRAVEL SAND AND MUD FOUND ALONG THE FRONTS OF MOUNTAIN RANGES.
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AMPHIBOLITE
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METAMORPHIC ROCK MADE OF PLAGIOCLASE AND HORNBLENDE. THE PROTOLITHE IS BASALT.
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ANGULAR
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A GRAIN EXHIBITING SHARP ANGULAR CORNERS AND EDGES.
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ARENITE
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A SANDSTONE CONTAINING LESS THEN 15% MATRIX.
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BARRIER ISLAND
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AN ELONGATE BAR OF SAND AND GRAVEL PARRELLING THE COASTLINE AND EXTENDING ABOVE COAST LEVEL
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BED
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A LAYER OF SEDIMENTARY ROCK OR ITS METAMORPHIC EQUIVILENT GREATER THEN 1 CM IN THICKNESS. (ALSO SMALLEST ROCK UNIT)
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BED LOAD
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PART OF THE LOAD OF THE RIVER THAT TRAVELS ALONG THE RIVERBED IN A BOUNCING SKIPPING MOTION
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BEDDING PLANE
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THE SURFACES SEPERATING BEDS AND LAMINATIONS FROM EACHOTHER.
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B HORIZON
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UNDERLIES THE A HORIZON. RICH IN CLAY- STAINED RED OR BROWN BY HEMATITE AND LIMONITE. ALSO NAMED ZONE OF ACCUMULATION.
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BIOCLASTIC LIMESTONE
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CARBONATE ROCK COMPOSED OF CALCITE AND AND PROPORTIONS OF ORGANIC DEBRIS.
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BOULDERS
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SEDIMENTARY PARTICLES GREATER THEN 256 MM IN SIZE.
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BRECCIA
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LITHIFIED BLOCKY TO ANGULAR GRAVEL
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CALICHE
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TYPE OF SOIL CHARACTERIZED BY A SOLID CONTINUOUS LAYER OF CALCITE. FOUND IN DRY CLIMATES.
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