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73 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
2 things that energize the atmosphere
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Suns Heat, Earths Rotation
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Energy from Sun reaches Earth in what form
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Electromagnetic Radiation
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The tilt of the Earths axis of rotation is responsible for what
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Seasons
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The gaseous envelope that surrounds the Earth, or any other celestial body
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Atmosphere
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Complex mixture of gas and tiny suspended particals
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Air
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What our atmosphere pretty much is
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Air
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The relative composition of the atmosphere varies based on what 2 things
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aerosols, and the presence of water vapor
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The amount of water vapor in the air
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Humidity
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Tiny liquid droplets or tiny solid particals that are so small they remain suspended in the air
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Aerosols
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The energy from the sun that actually reaches the earths surface
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insolation
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Why does the stratopheres temp increase with altitude
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Ozone absorbs ultravilot radiation coming from the sun
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Why does the tropospheres temp decrease with altitude
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Absorbtion of reradiated long wavelength infared rays is most effective at the bottom of the atmosphere where the air is most dense
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Region where temp decreases with altitude,
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Mesosphere
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Air Pressure does what with altitude
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Decreases
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The ratio of the vapor pressure in a sample of air to the saturation vapor pressure at the same temperature, expressed as a percentage
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Relative Humidity
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The formation of a more ordered liquid from a less ordered gas
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Condensation
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air pressure, humidity, cloudiness, and wind speed and direction define what
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weather
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Which climate zone is where weather is generated, clouds form, and rain and snow develop
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Troposphere
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When air becomes saturated with water as it rises what forms
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Clouds
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What results in the horizontal movement of air in response to air pressure
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Wind
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What controls wind speed
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Air Pressure Gradients, the Coriolis Effect, and Friction
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Where do deserts form
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As a result of the global air circulation, in continental interiors far from sources of moisture, in rainshadows, along coasts adjacent to cold upwelling seawater
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Form along cold fronts as a result of up drafts of warm humid air, maintained by the latent heat of condensation from the humid air
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Thunderstorms
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Violent upward-spiraling columns of air, form as a result of certain spiral updrafts in certain thunderstorms
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Tornadoes
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Violent oceanic cyclones that have very fast wind speeds, do most damage on costal and island regions
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Hurricanes
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Holds more moisture
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Warmer Air
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Holds less moisture
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Colder Air
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Wind in high pressure goes from ____
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High to Low
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Wind in low pressure goes from ____
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Low to High
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Waters holding capacity of air depends on temperature
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Saturation Humidity
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Actual mass of water vapor in a given mass of air
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Specific Humidity
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Specific Humidity divided by Saturation Humidity
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Relative Humidity
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Climate zones go in what order
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Polar, Temperate, Subtropic, Tropic.....equator
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Means "substitute" what kinds of info recorded, what climate was like in the past
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Proxy
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Typical Ice age lasts
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100,000 years
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Typical interglacial period last
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10,000 years
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Animals that used more oxygen 18 meant what
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It was a colder enviornment
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Earth wobble cycle gives
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Process of equinox
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Volcanoes, Weathering Reactions, and Burning of Coal all do what
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Cause more Co2 in the enviornment
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The suns energy being traped in our atmosphere is called
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GreenHouse Effect
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Problems caused by global warming
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Heat related health problems, Melting of glaciers and ice caps, Sea level rise and flooding.
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Compairing 2 similar kinds of fossils
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Comparative Biology
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Remains of previous existing life
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Fossils
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Tissue gets protected
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Preservation
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Tissue gets destroyed and replaced by minerals
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Mineralization
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Small things get flattened and molded by minerals
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Carbonization
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Getting presed by losing all bones and tissue
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Impression
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Minerals forming around an organism
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casts or molds
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losing all of body just leaving picture
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replacement
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using specific criteria for that time, based on morphological characteristics
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fossil species
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Large number of species go extinct over a fairly short period of time
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Mass Extinction
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Reason for mass extinction
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significant changes in the enviornment that happen too fast for animals to adapt to
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world petroleum use
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85 million barrels per day
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petroleum increase per year
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6 million
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Why are geological recources rare
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They are ultimately exausted, estimating how many left is difficult
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Order of coal
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Peat, Lignite, Sub-bituminos coal, bituminous coal, anthracite coal
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The degradiation of a recource due to a contaminant
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Pollution
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Something used by people
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Recource
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Something that has hazardous effects to human health
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Toxic
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based on whether or not there are known human health impacts
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air or water quality
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presence of absence of a contaminant
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quality
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the organism recieves a large dose over a short period of time
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acute
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based on a lower dose over a longer period of time
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chronic
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how contaminants interact
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synergistic
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Max contaminant levels for public water supplies list of > 80 substances
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Safe drinking water act
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Requires Npdes permits for anyone who is dumoing pollutants into public waters
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clean water act
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regulates the disposal of waste, defines hazardous waste "cradle to grave" provisions
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recource concervation and recovery act
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law for cleaning up abandoned waste sites
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comprehensive enviornmental response compensation and liability act
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Ohio # state for air pollution
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1
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deals with stratospheric depletion by limiting the use of cfc's
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montreal protocal
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deals with greenhouse gasses by seting national limits on the buring of fossil fuels
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kyoto treaty
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abnormal fluctuatuations in temperature
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temperature inversion
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ground level ozone
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smog
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