Gould's Pathophysiology Chapter 1

Organ or system level

Cellular level

Excision of small amounts of living tissue

Examination of the body and organs after death

Identification of a specific disease

Causative factors in a particular disease

Tendencies that promote development of a disease in an individual

Development of the disease

Develops quickly, marked signs, short term

Often milder, develops gradually, persists for a long time

Pathologic changes, no obvious manifestations

No symptoms or clinical signs evident

Time of exposure to a microorganism and onset of signs and symptoms

Early development of a disease, Signs nonspecific or absent

Signs and symptoms of disease

Collection of sign and symptoms, Often affects more than one organ

Manifestations of the disease subside or are absent.

Condition that triggers an acute episode

New secondary or additional problems

Treatment measures to promote recovery or slow the progress of a disease

Unwanted outcomes of primary condition

Period of recovery

Probability for recovery or for other outcome

Maximizing function of diseased tissues

Science of identifying the causative factors and tracking the pattern or occurrence of disease

Indicates the number of people with a disease within a group

Indicates the number of deaths resulting from a particular disease within a group

Occur when a higher than expected number of cases of an infectious disease occur within a given area

Involve a higher number of cases in many regions of the globe

Tracked by incidence and prevalence

Number of new cases in a given population within a specified time period

Number of new and old or existing cases in a specific population within a specified time period

Infections that can spread from one person to another

Diseases that must be reported by the physician to certain designated authorities

Performed after death to determine the exact cause of death

Decrease in the size of cells, Results in reduced tissue mass

Increase in cell size, Results in enlarged tissue mass

Increased number of cells, Results in enlarged tissue mass

Mature cell type is replaced by a different mature cell type.

Cells vary in size and shape within a tissue.

Undifferentiated cells, with variable nuclear and cell structures

“New growth”―commonly called tumor

Refers to programmed cell death, Normal occurrence in the body

Deficit of oxygen in the cells

Reduced oxygen in tissues

Excessive heat or cold, Radiation exposure

Pressure or tearing of tissue

Exogenous: from environment, Endogenous: from inside the body

Bacteria and viruses, for example

Genetic disorders, Inborn errors of metabolism, Altered metabolism

Nutritional deficits

Imbalance of fluids or electrolytes

Dead cells liquefy because of release of cell enzymes

Cell proteins are altered or denatured― coagulation

Fatty tissue broken down into fatty acids

Form of coagulation necrosis, Thick, yellowish, “cheesy” substance forms

Area of dead cells as a result of oxygen deprivation

Area of necrotic tissue that has been invaded by bacteria