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67 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
1833; Barron V. Baltimore
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Supreme Court first held that the provisions of the Bill of Rights restricts only the National Government
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1947; Everson v. United States
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Did not aid the church directly, but provided for safety and benefit of the students
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1962; Engle v. Vitale
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Ruled unconstitutional - Violation of Establishment Clause
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1985; Wallace v. Jaffrey
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State law required a daily one-minute period of silence for meditation and voluntary prayer. Ruled unconstitutional, Lemon Test used: "Saw the rule as an endorsement of religion lacking any clearly secular purpose."
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1971; Lemon v. Kurtzman
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States may aid parochial schools but must meet three requirements
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1985; Aguilar v. Felton
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Could federally funded special education services for disadvantaged youth be provided on parochial school property? No - Excessive Entanglement
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1997; Agostini v. Felton
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Supreme Court overturns Aguilar v. Felton - "No longer good law." The Court's makeup was changed. Six of the nine justices who voted in 1997 where not involved in the 1985 case.
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2000; Santa Fe ISD v. Doe
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Texas school districts policy that permitted student-led prayer at high school football games. Ruled unconstitutional.
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1980; Stone v. Graham
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Kentucky law requiring Ten Commandments to be posted in all public schools was found to be unconstitutional.
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1990; Westside Community v. Mergens
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Students wanted to form a religious club, membership would be voluntary and open to all students. Purpose was to read and discuss the Bible, pray together, and have fellowship. School officials denied the students request because of the Establishment Clause. Later overturned in Federal Court.
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1879; Reynolds v. United States
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Reynolds, a mormon, practiced polygamy. Prohibited under Federal Law. Jailed, appealed under freedom of religion, court denied release, a crime is a crime and that is not protected under 1st Amendment.
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1986; Goldman v. Weinberger
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The Air Force can deny an Orthodox Jew the right to wear a yarmulke while on active duty
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1990; Oregon v. Smith
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State of Oregon denies employment benefits to two drug counselors who had been fired for using peyote in their religious services. They argued that it was part of their religious services.
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1940; Minersville ISD v. Gobitis
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Jehovah's Witnesses who refused to salute the flag. Court ruled that flag was symbol of national unity and that the students could be required to salute the flag.
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1943; West Virginia v. Barnette
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Court overturns its own decision in the Minersville case.
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1972; Wisconsin v. Yoder
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9th Grade Compulsory
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1905; Jacobson v. Massachusetts
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Court upheld laws requiring the vaccination of school children.
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1993; Lukumi Babalu Aye v. City of Haileah
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Court struck down a Florida city's ordinance that outlawed animal sacrifices as part of any church service
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1993; Zorbrest v. Catalina Foothills School District
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Court said use of public money to provide for an interpreter for a deaf student who attends a Catholic high school does not violate the Establishment Clause - Lemon Test.
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1988; Bowan v. Kendrick
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Provides that public agencies can teach about teen sex in both public/ rel. (private/parochial) school settings.
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1968; Epperson v. Arkansas
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Arkansas law prohibiting the teaching of evolution violated the Establishment Clause, in effect the law imposed religious standards on students
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1990; C for PE + RL v. Regan
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States can pay church-related schools what it costs them to administer the State's standardized tests.
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1940; Thornhill v. Alabama
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Right to picketing
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Civil Liberties
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protections against government
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Civil Rights
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the positive acts of government that seek to make the guarantees of the Constitution a reality for all people
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Process of Incorporation
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Inclusion of the essential Bill of Rights into the Due Process Clause
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Establishment Clause
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Separates church and state
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Parochial
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Church-related
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Content Neutral
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The government may not regulate assemblies on the basis on what might be said
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Eugene Victor Debs
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Prisoner who was nominated by the Socialist Party of the United States for President four times?
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ARU
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It took in all white railroad workers from engineer to engine wiper
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scabs
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workers who take strikers' jobs
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blacklist
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a list of workers not to hire, passed among employers
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yellow-dog contracts
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agreements that required a worker not to join a union while employed
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arbitration
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turning the dispute over to an impartial third party for settlement
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George Pullman
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President of the Pullman Palace Car Company, which produced dining cars, chair cars, and the famous sleeping cars for trains
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dividends
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a share of profits
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injunction
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court order
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capitalists
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owners of businesses
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class struggle
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The notion that the upper and lower classes in society could not live in harmony
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socialists
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Some supported U.S. loans and supplies for the Allies. Some even urged that the U.S. join the war against Germany. Also, some were fiercely opposed to U.S. involvement in the war.
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Espionage Act of 1917
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Law that made it a crime to speak or otherwise act against the war.
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Alexander Hamilton
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Leading Federalist
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Thomas Jefferson
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Leading Republican
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John Adams
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Second President who was involved with the Alien and Sedition Acts
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Alien Act
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Gave the President the power to order out of the country any foreigners "he shall judge dangerous to the peace and safety of the United States." Also, made it more difficult for foreigners to become citizens
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Sedition Act
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Prohibited statements bringing the government into contempt or opposing its laws
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Federalists
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Wanted to avoid a possible uprising in the United States; Supported the Sedition law
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Republicans
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Opposed the Sedition law, claiming it violated the First Amendment of the Constitution
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XYZ Affair
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Government would not begin to negotiate unless the U.S. government first paid a bribe of 250K and gave France a multimillion dollar loan
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Matthew Lyon
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First victim of the Sedition Act who was a congressman from Vermont
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John Daly Burk
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Another victim of the Sedition Act who was not even a citizen
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Luther Baldwin
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Became intoxicated and said that he wished the cannon would be fired at Adams' rear end
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French Revolution
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France overthrew its king and was now attacking other monarchies
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Roger Williams
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Left Massachusetts and later founded the colony of Rhode Island
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Inward Light
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God's will was written in the hearts of all people. If people sincerely examined their consciences, they could discover the true wishes of God.
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libel
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False and malicious use of printed words
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slander
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False and malicious use of spoken words
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sedition
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crime of attempting to overthrow the government by force or to disrupt its lawful activities by violent acts
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prior restraint
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Government cannot curb ideas before they are expressed
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Shield law
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Law which gives reporters some protection against having to disclose their sources or reveal other confidential info in legal proceedings
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picketing
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Patrolling of a business site by workers who are on strike
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defamatory
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insulting to a person's reputation
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Minnesota Public Nuisance Law
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Anyone who regularly published an obscene, scandalous, or defamatory newspaper could be guilty of being a public nuisance. If the publisher could show intent to print the truth without malice, there would be no penalty. If publishers knowingly printed false and damaging information, however, they could be ordered by a judge to stop printing their newspapers
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The Saturday Press
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Charged that gangsters had threatened the publishers and was often filled with hatred, lies, and prejudice
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Eighteenth Amendment
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Prohibited the sale, manufacture, or transportation of alcoholic beverages.
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Jay Near and Howard Guilford
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Began publishing charges of corruption and scandal in Minneapolis
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