Grade 10 Biology Part 2

A tissue that transport substances around the body

A thin sheet of tightly packed cells that covers body surfaces and lines internal organs and body cavities

Specialized tissue that conducts electrical signals from one part of the body to another

A group of specialized tissue containing proteins that can contract and enable the body to move

Break down food into smaller pieces, both mechanically and chemically

Esophagus, gallbladder, stomach, intestines, pancreas, liver

Digestion occurs to obtain energy from food, by breaking it down

Epithelial and smooth

Mechanical digestion (teeth and tongue) and chemical digestion (via saliva)

A long muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach

Smooth muscles; expands and contracts involuntarily to allow the smooth passage of food down in the stomach

How the food is transferred through the digestive system, like peristaltic waves, mainly in esophagus

When digestive acids from the stomach back up into the esophagus

Holds the food, squishes and mixes it, combining it with digestive acids to break it down

Kill bacteria and other microorganisms to make the pH levels neutral

Small intestine; large intestine

Where digestion finishes. Enzymes break down food to the molecular level to pass through the walls of the small intestine and into the bloodstream.

Where indigestible food from the small intestine is passed to. The lining of the large intestine absorbs water and waste is removed from the body

When too much water is absorbed from the larger intestine

When not enough water is absorbed from the large intestine

Secretes a substance called bile, which helps to break down the fats in food

Secretes pancreatic juice, enzymes and produces insulin, which regulates the concentration of glucose in the blood

Stores the bile produced by the liver.

Storage of waste until elimination occurs

Caused when a foreign object blocks the appendix. Can cause the appendix to burst and cause infection.

Caused intolerance of gluten. Usually genetic.

Inflammatory disorder of the intestine that results in severe, watery diarrhea, fever, abdominal pain and nausea.

Small, pebble-like stones in bladder

Caused when digestive acids from the stomach back up into the esophagus

Inflammation of gums surrounding the teeth

When part of the stomach slides into the esophagus

When inflammation is present in the lining of the rectum and colon

Ingestion, digestion, absorption, egestion

- Transports oxygen and nutrients to the body, while transporting carbon dioxide to the lungs and waste to the kidneys.

- regulated internal temperature of the body

- transports hormones

- stops infections in the body

Blood, heart, blood vessels

Cardiac muscle tissue, nerve tissue, epithelial tissue, and connective tissue

How many times the heart beats a minute

Red blood cell, white blood cell, plasma, platelets

Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide by process of diffusion

Fight off infections in the body

To clot the blood

Protein liquid that carries the blood cells. Transports nutrients, hormones, waste, enzymes, sugar and water

Red and blue

Arteries, veins, capillaries

Transport blood to the rest of the body

Transport blood from the rest of the body to the heart

Very small blood vessel, where the diffusion of carbon dioxide and oxygen occurs

When the coronary arteries are clogged

Fluorescent dye that is injected so that blockages will show on x ray

When not enough oxygen and nutrients are getting to the heart do the heart tissue starts to die

When the arteries in the neck get blocked with plaque. Can lead to a stroke, since oxygen rich blood cannot get to your brain

When the arteries leading to your legs, arms and pelvis get blocked with plaque

Diseases that involve the platelets' ability to clot

A disease that occurs when you have too little red blood cells

The rupture or splitting of the arteries

The pressure of blood hitting against the walls of the artery

Pressure against the walls of the artery when the heart is beating

The pressure against the walls of the artery when the heart is resting

To inhale oxygen to be used by circulatory system and to exhale carbon dioxide that was used by the cells across the body

The entrance and exit to the respiratory system

Filters out foreign material

Propels the mucus out of the nose while sneezing

Another entrance to the respiratory system

The throat, where the air moves to after going through the nasal cavity or the mouth

"Sound box"; where sound is produced

To prevent from choking

A tube that contains ciliated epithelial tissue

Filter out any foreign material

The initial tube that divulged from the trachea and is the entrance to the lungs

A network of smaller tubes within the lungs that get smaller and smaller and lead to alveoli

Where gas exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen take place

A lung disease that involves the inflammation and narrowing of airways

A lung disease that occurs when bacteria moves down the trachea, through the bronchus and into the bronchioles and alveoli

A hereditary disease that tells the lungs and pancreas to create thick and sticky fluids in the bronchioles and pancreas respectively. Can lead to other respiratory and digestive diseases such as pneumonia and diabetes

Supports the body, protects delicate organs, makes movement possible. Responsible for protection, blood cell production, and mineral storage

Support and protect the organs of the body

Large inflexible strip of connective tissue. Connects bones to muscles

Long fibres of connective tissue that can stretch. Connect bones to other bones

Semi-bold, flexible connective tissue. Provides strong, flexible, low friction support for bones and other tissue. Serves as shock absorber between joints.

Bundles of long cells called muscle fibres that contain specialized proteins capable of shortening/contracting

Found only in the heart. Responsible for making the heart beat

Found in the lining of most organs. Moves substances through the organs

Allow for movement of body. Can only pull.

Structure for the body, anchor points for muscles, movement for the body, support for the body

Loss of calcium in the bones

Inflammation of bursa (fluid filled sacs between bones)

Affects toes, fingers and knees

- responding to the environment

- controlling involuntary movements

- voluntary movements

- senses

- thinking and perceiving the surrounding environment

Network of nerves that carries messages to the body so that it can interact with itself and its environment.

Its function is to control movement, regulate body functions, interpret/respond to sensory input.

Tramit nerve impulses to and from body

To bring information in so that the brain can process it

The command system of the body. Thoughts, perceptions, voluntary movements originate here.

Surrounds the brain and spinal cord, helps to cushion from injury, transports chemicals and remove wastes from the brain

To transmit information in both directions between the body and the CNS

Aka neuron. Sends electrical signals to the body. Can only transmit electrical signals in one direction

Carry information from the body back to the brain/spinal cord

Carry instructions from the brain/spinal cord to another part of the body

Connects the sensory and motor neurons

Carry signals toward the cell's body, therefore they are receivers of information. Receives stimulation from external environment

Carries signals away from the cell's body; also an information transmitter.

Prevents electrical signals from. Inadvertently going to places they shouldn't

Allow information to be transmitted both ways

To tell the body what is happening in the outside world

Where the myelin sheath are destroyed by the immune cells, which results in a loss of nerve function