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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Abiotic Factors
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Non-living factors that affect an ecosystem such as sunlight, wind, temperature, etc.
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Biotic Factors
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Living factors that affect and ecosystem such as animals, growth rate, birth/natality rate, etc.
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Ecosystem
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The relations and interactions between species living in an environment.
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Food Chains
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A simple chain of organisms that show what feeds on what, and energy transfers between them.
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Food Web
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Complex chart of organisms that show the relation and energy transfer between them in an ecosystem.
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Trophic Levels
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Autotrophs -> make their own food, and are at the bottom of food chains. Primary Consumers -> Herbivores, eats autotrophs. Secondary Consumers -> Omnivores/Carnivores -> Consumes levels below it. Quatinary -> Rare, top of the chain.
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Detritus
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Waste from plants and animals, includes their dead remains.
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Peat
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Dead plant matter with carbon atoms locked within it.
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Decomposers
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Organisms that break down detritus for nutrients to use. Also releases nutrients to soil and water, showing how it returns to the living.
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Habitat
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Places where a species can live.
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Extinct
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Species that can no longer be found.
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Endangered
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Species close to extinction in a large location
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Extirpated
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Species cannot be found in one place, but can be found in another.
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Threatened
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Species likely to become endangered if vulnerable factors are not changed.
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Vulnerable
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Species at risk due to low/declining numbers.
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Biodiversity
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The biological diversity/number of species in an ecosytem.
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Balance Restoration
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When a species is (re)introduced to an ecosystem to balance it out. e.g) too much prey due to hunting of predator, therefore, more predators of the species is reintroduced to restore balance.
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Pests
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Organisms that cause problems for humans such as wasps. These organisms, however, are needed for other organisms food chains.
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Pesticides
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Chemicals designed to kill pests, harmful/inconvenient organisms to humans.
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Population
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Members of the same species form this.
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Community
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Populations collected together. For example, the population of one class, collected with all the other classes, creates this of the school.
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Ecotones
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Areas between ecosystems in which both ecosystems interact.
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Artificial Ecosystem
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Ecosystem planned out or maintained by humans.
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Natural Ecosystem
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Ecosystem that occurs naturally without chemicals, but is not necessarily untouched by humans.
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Photosynthesis
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How autotrophs get energy/food. Converts sunlight. Produces carbohydrates/sugar.
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Cellular Respiration
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Carbon dioxide and water is released as sugars are broken down.
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The Carbon Cycle
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The complimenting processes of cellular respiration and photosynthesis. Photosynthesis produces CO2, which is cellular respiration. Cellular respiration produces sugars, which is photosynthesis.
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Chemical Equation for Carbon Cycle
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Photosynthesis C02 + H20 + light energy <====> C6H12O6 + O2 Cellular Respiration
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Law of Thermodynamics
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1. Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only changed.
2. Not all energy can be transferred/changed. Some will be converted into an unusable form and lost through heat. |
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10% Rule
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This rule is the amount of energy that can be transferred through an ecosystem. The remainder of the amount is used on the organisms living needs.
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Biomass
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Mass of organisms in a given area/volume.
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Ecological Niche
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The organisms place in the food web, its habitat, breeding area, time of activity, and what an organism does to survive and reproduce.
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Organic Substances
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Contains atoms of carbon and hydrogen. Often, oxygen and nitrogen.
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Inorganic Substances
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Does NOT contain carbon and hydrogen. Carbon dioxide, water, and ammonia are examples of this.
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Bioamplification
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The higher the trophic level, the greater the concentration of toxins process. (Larger animals consuming smaller ones, therefore also consuming their waste.)
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Nitrogen Cycle
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Nitrification (Nitrates, NO3) => Nitrates (NO2) -> Atmospheric Nitrogen -> Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria -> Nitrification
Nitrification (Nitrates, NO3) => Proteins in plants/animals -> death decomposition -> animal feces -> Nitrogen fixing bacteria -> Nitrification |
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Nitrogen Fixation
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When Nitrogen is converted into Nitrates. Through lightning, or bacteria in soil.
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Denitrification
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Nitrates broken down into nitrites, into nitrogen gas, and is released into nitrogen. This is the process of that, and is carried out by bacteria that don't need oxygen.
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Fertilizers
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Restores nutrients in plants.
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Biotic Potential
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Maximum number of offspring a species can produce if resources are unlimited.
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Factors of Biotic Potential
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These affect Biotic Potential: birth potential (max offspring per birth), survival capacity (number of offspring that reach reproduction age), procreation, (times a species can give birth each year), and length of reproductive life (age and years the individual can reproduce).
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Limiting Factors
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Things that prevent populations from attaining biotic potential.
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Carrying Capacity
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Maximum number of individuals that can be supported forever by an ecosystem.
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Law of Minimum
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Law that states nutrients in least supply will limit growth.
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Law of tolerance
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The law that states that an individual can survive within a range of an abiotic factor. The greater this is, the greater the chance of survival.
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Density independent factors
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Affects a population regardless of the population density (how much there is) such as fires, earthquakes. Things that do not care how much there is of you, it will hurt you muahahahahahaha
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Density dependent factors
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Things that rely on the populations density such as disease, food supply, water, or when we play Plague on the iPads; you don't start in a tiny spot you start in a big spot so your virus spreads faster to win it.
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Exponential Growth
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A rapid increase in birth rate, or growth in near perfect conditions; This is impossible, as 100% of offspring do not survive in nature. If placed on a graph, it would be shaped as a J.
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Predator/Prey Graph
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A graph shaped like an S - shows relation between predatory/prey.
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The Lion King
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The movie Mr A showed us for ecology and used for like 4 useless assignments idk i just wanted it to be 50 questions its disney hint hint wink wink
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