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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is an element? |
Matter composed of one type of element. It can not be broken down any further. |
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What is mass of an atom equal to? |
It is equal to the number of protons and neutrons. |
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What is the atomic number equal to? |
The number of protons The number of electrons (if the atom is stable) |
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How are Bohr diagrams and Lewis diagrams different? |
Bohr diagrams include number of electrons and neutrons, and show all electron shells. Lewis diagrams only show the outermost valence shell. |
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How is the periodic table organized? |
By periods horizontally (number of energy shells), and families vertically (how many valence electrons it has) |
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How many periods does the table have? |
8 |
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How many families does the periodic table have? |
18, but only 8 unique ones |
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Where are all of the types of elements found? |
Metals are found on the left of the staircase, Non-metals are found on the right. Metaloids are found in the staircase. |
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What are 2 properties of metals? Non-metals? |
Metals are conductive, metals are shiny. Metals are mostly solid. Non-metals are non-conductive and are not shiny. They generally take the form of gas and solids. |
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What are the diatomic molecules? |
Hydrogen Oxygen Fluoride Bromine Iodine Nitrogen Chloride |
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Which elements need stock numbers? |
Transition metals. |
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What are the 5 types of reactions? |
Synthesis Decomposition Single Displacement Double Displacement Combustion |
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What is Synthesis? |
Two elements are bonded together to form one compound. Example Sodium plus Chloride creates Sodium Chloride. |
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What is decomposition |
When 1 compound breaks down into two separate elements. |
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What is single displacement? |
When a compound switches its metal or non-metal for another element. |
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What is double displacement |
When two compounds switch their metal or non-metal with another compounds metal or non-metal. |
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Combustion |
When hydrocarbons and oxygen react to from H20 and CO2 |
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How can you differentiate a base from an acid? Use the following solutions: Bromothymol BlueLitmus PaperPhenothalienUniversal indacator |
Acid: Bromothymol blue: Yellow Litmus paper: Red Phenothalien: No change Universal Indicator: Crimson Base: Bromothymol blue: Blue Litmus paper: Blue Phenothalien: Pink Universal Indicator: Dark Blue |
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How is vector different from scaler?
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Vector has Magnitude and direction, while scaler only has magnitude. |
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Define Position |
Location in relation to the start point or origin |
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Define distance |
The total length of a journey along every path. |
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Define Displacement |
The length of a journey from the initial position to the final position. |
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Define Time |
The moment an event occurs. |
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Define Velocity |
How much an object is displaced in a specified time. |
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Define speed |
How far an object moves in a specified time. |
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Define Acceleration |
How much an objects Velocity changes over time. |
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What is Newton's first law? Give an example. |
An object in motion will stay in motion unless acted upon by an outside force. An object at rest will stay at rest unless acted upon by an outside force. In a car crash, a person will continue to move at the speed of the car unless stopped by something such as a seatbelt, windshield or the ground outside of the car. |
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What is Newton's second law of motion? Give an example. |
Force is related to mass and acceleration in the equation Force equals mass time acceleration. The heavier an object, the more force is required to move it. |
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What is Newton's third law of motion? Give an example. |
For every action, there is an opposite and equal reaction. If you push into a wall, the wall exerts the same force on you. If your push a ball, the ball rolls at the same force you push it at. |
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What is kinectic energy transformed into during a crash? |
Friction Thermal Sound Kinetic energy on the people inside |
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Factors that effect friction |
Composition of the surfaces Shape of the surfaces Mass of the object |
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Which factors effect stopping distance? |
Reaction time Friction State of driver Speed Condition of vehicle |
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Define ecosystem |
A biological community of interacting organisms and their enviroment |
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Define carrying capacity |
The maximum population an ecosystem can sustain. |
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What is photosynthesis |
The process by which autotrophs convert CO2, H20 and energy from the sun into glucose and oxygen |
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Define community |
A group of two or more populations occupying the same area. |
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Define Population |
The amount of a certain type of organism in a certain area at any given time. |
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Define Niche |
The place and role of an animal in an ecosystem. |
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Define perdator |
In the relationship between two organisms; a predator is the one that seeks to consume the other. One animals predator may be anothers prey |
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Define prey |
In the relationship between two organisms; prey is the animal that is being hunted by the other. One animals prey may be anothers predator |
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Define population density |
the amount of organisms in a specific area. |
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What are the three types of ecology pyramids? |
Biomass pyramid - the required mass of the animals at each trophic level. Energy pyramid - How much energy is transferred from trophic level to trophic level. Each trophic level encompasses about 10% of the energy of the last. Number pyramid - How many organisms are required for to feed one organism from the next trophic level. |
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What are limiting factors? |
Factors that limit the growth of a certain population or entire ecosystem. |
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What are invasive species? |
Organisms not native to the enviroment that disrupt the natural food chain and endanger other species |
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True or false: interspecific competition is competition between the same species. |
False. |
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What are some density dependant factors? |
Disease Overcrowding Competition |
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What are some density independant factors? |
Extreme temperatures Forest Fires Flood |
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What percent of the worlds atmosphere is oxygen? |
21%-22% |
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What percentage of the Earths atmosphere is nitrogen? |
78% |
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What is the equation for cellular respiration? |
C6H12O6 + 6O2= 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy |
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What are the steps in the Carbon cycle |
Photosynthesis Consumption Cellular Respiration Decay Combustion
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What are the steps for the Nitrogen cycle |
Nitrogen fixation Nitrification Denitrification Ammonification Assimillation |
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What is ecology? |
The study of organisms and their enviroments. |
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4 abiotic factors |
Temperature Soil Air Water |
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Factors that effect carrying capacity |
Matter and energy Amount of food available Competition Density |
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Factors that release carbon into the atmosphere |
Breathing Combustion Deforestation |
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What is biodiversity? |
The variety of organisme within an enviroment. |
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What are climax communities and pioneer organisms? |
Climax communites are enviroments where self sustainability is achieved. pioneer organisms are the first organisms to colonize an area. |
