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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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food chain
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a sequence of feeding relationships among living organisms, as they pass on food energy
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energy flow
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the movement of energy, which originally comes from the Sun, from one organism to another
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producers
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plants that use energy from the Sun to make nutrients they need to survive; includes some bacteria that transfer energy from particles
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consumers
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organisms that eat the food made by producers; can be either herbivores, carnivores, or omnivores
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herbivores
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an animal that only eats plant matter; examples are grasshopper, beaver, moose
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carnivores
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an animal that eats other animals; examples are lynx, wolf, hawk
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predators
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an organism that catches and eats other organisms of a different species
ex. an owl eats mice |
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prey
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an organism that is caught and eaten by another organism of a different species
ex. the rabbit that the fox caught |
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omnivores
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an animal that eats other animals and plant material; examples are bear, raccoon, people
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scavengers
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an organism that eats dead or decaying plant or animal matter; carrion beetle is an example of a scavenger
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decomposers
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organisms that break down cells of dead or waste materials and absorb their nutrients; many bacteria and fungi are decomposers
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niche
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the role or characteristic activity that is undertaken by an organism in an ecosystem; one organism may fill several different niches
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food web
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the network of feeding relationships among organisms
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symbiosis
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an interaction between organisms of different species living close to each other in a relationship that lasts over time
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parasitism
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a symbiotic relationship between two different types of organisms in which one of the partners is harmed and the other benefits
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mutualism
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a symbiotic relationship between two different types of organisms that is beneficial to both organisms
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commensalism
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a symbiotic relationship between two different types of organisms in which one partner benefits and the other neither benefits nor loses
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pyramid of numbers
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the number of individual organisms at each level of a food chain; the number of organisms decrease the higher up the food chain you go
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host
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the organism that a parasite lives and feeds on
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succession
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the process by which new species gradually replace old species in an ecosystem
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