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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Gametes |
Sperm and Egg cells |
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Gonads |
Testes and Ovaries |
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Zygotes |
Single-celled fertilized eggs |
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Embryo |
Repeated zygote cell divisions |
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Fetus |
Continued embryo growth |
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Genes |
Segments of DNA the code for proteins |
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Chromosomes |
Instruction manual for human growth |
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Mutations |
Mistakes in copying DNA |
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Alleles |
Different versions of genes |
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Segregation |
In meiosis, one member of each homologous pair goes into a gamete |
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Independent Assortment |
Random determination of which member of a pair of chromosomes goes into a gamete; due to random alignment |
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Random Fertilization |
Diversity of 1 out of 74 possibilities |
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Monozygotic Twins |
Two genetically identical twins |
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Gregor Mendel |
First to accurately describe rules of inheritance for simple traits |
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Phenotype |
Physical traits of an individual |
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Genotype |
Description of the alleles for a particular gene in an individual |
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Homozygous |
Both alleles for a gene are identical |
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Heterozygous |
The gene has two different alleles |
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Recessive |
The phenotype of an allele is seen only when homozygous |
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Dominant |
The phenotype is seen when homozygous or heterozygous |
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Cystic Fibrosis |
Recessive human genetic disease |
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Huntingtons Disease |
Dominant human genetic disease |
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Cross |
Using a punnett square to predict outcomes |
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Heritability |
Proportion of the variation within a population due to genetic differences among individuals |
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Polygenic traits |
Quantitative traits, with continuous variation |
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Artificial Selection |
Selective breeding to produce the best that the farmer wants |