Group Iva To Vb

Widely distributed in nature. Its free states appears in various forms like coke, lamblack, or charcoal

Two allotropic form of carbon

Randomly arranged; no definite structure (e.g. coal, charcoal, and anthracite)

Definite structure (e.g. diamond and graphite)

Used to treat emergency poisoning prior to emesis. Its finely powdered form is used as an absorbent in the treatment of diarrhea.

3 Components of universal antidote

210x greater affinity to hemoglobin than oxygen leading to asphyxa then death

Treatment of carbon monoxide

Aka Carbonic acid gas.

Use: potent and effective respiratory stimulant used in the treatment of CO poisoning

A refrigerant; hard in the treatment of acne, angiomas, corn and calluses

Color of the container of Carbon dioxide

used as a source of electrolytes

Astringent and protective

reflex stimulant and expectorant

Is the second most abundant element in earth

Also known as the diamaceous earth, infusal earth, Fuller's earth, Kieselghur or Celite

Is an excellent inert, non absorbent filter aid --used as non adsorbent filtering aid and mild abrasive

Used as gas absorbent dessicants, carriers, fillers and abrasives

A lung condition resembling chronic tuberculosis, developing after long exposure (7 years or more) to respirable dust of silicon (silica particles 5 micrometer or less)

Treatment of silicosis

Silicon form silicic acids

A compound of Si and anion

Insoluble in water or acids except for alkali salts

Can be attacked by HF to form the gaseous SiF4

Aka purified siliceous earth or silica

Use: absorbent

Aka: hydrated Mg silicate, french chalk

Softest mineral known

Uses: dusting powder as a protective and lubricant and as a filtering aid (due to inertness)

Must not be used in broken skin or surgical incisions - impairs wound healing

Aka: China clay, native hydrated aluminum silicate

Uses: clarifying agent, intestinal absorbent and protective, dusting powders

Aka: soap clay, mineral soap, native colloidal hydrated aluminum silicate

Uses: suspending agent, emulsifier for oil, a base for plasters and ointments

Aka: polymagma, quintess

Use: aborbent for diarrhea (as adsorptive in anti diarrheal products)

Polymeric dimethyl siloxane

Use: anti flatulent in gastric bloating and in postoperative gaseous distention in the GI tract

Porous rock of volcanic origin

Use: dental abrasive

Made from a vitreous silicate material prepared by fusing a base with pure silica then by cooling to produce a vitreous mass.

Has the tendency to affect the integrity of the product

Hides the blue green color pf ion present in silica

Reduces coefficient of expansion. It also makes the glass alkali and heat resistant

Gives a brown and a light resistant glass

Increases the refractive index of the glass

Aka: Eka silicon

Used in the manufacture of electronic conductors

Aka: Stannum

Used in the preparation of tin cans

Peculiar sound of bent Sb

Aka: fluoristan

Only on Sn compund used pharmaceutical

Used as an dental prophylactic

Anticariogenic at 8% concentration

Aka: Cassiterite

Have a germicidal effect particularly against Staphylococcus infections

Aka: Plambum, Plambum nigrum.

Most mettalic element of the group.

Highly toxic used in nature as a cumulative poison, is readily absorbed in the intestinal tract and broken skin, deposited in the bone

Lead poisoning

Lead poisoning antidote

Aka: sugar of lead

Uses: astringent

Aka: goulard's extract

Use: astringent and antiseptic

Litharge-natural mineral form of PbO

These are transition elements

Is the most important in Group 4B

Aka: Titans, Soms of Eearth

Use: powerful reducing agent

Three oxide forms of Titanium

Has a high refractive index

Uses: Opacifying agent in pharmaceutic

Used in production of white capsules

UV ray protectant- it reflects UV rays to prevent sunburn

Aka: mephitic air, azote

Mkst abudant gas in air and is combined in nitrates and organic compounds

Employed pharmaceutically as an inert atnosphere in ampules

Used as an refrigerant

Container of nitrogen

Aka: Laughing gas

Used: as a general inhalatory anesthetic

Container of nitrous oxide

Side effects of laughing gas

Vasodilator, and treatment for cyanide poisoning

As a meat preservative (but carcinogenic)

Antidote for cyanide poisoning and as a vasodilator

Aka: aqua fortis

It produces a yellow stain on animal tossues (xanthoproteic test)

Aka: light carrier and St. Elimo's fire

Poisonous and flammable (distinctive, disagreeable, ozone like odor)

Non poisonous and non flammable

Antidote for white phosphorus

Produced by heating PBr3 with Hg at 240 degree celcius

Heating white P with Na to 200 degree celcius

Heating P with Pb at 530 degrees celcius

Are used as gastric antacids

Is used in an urinary acidifier and dibasic sodium phosphates is used in saline cathartics and in enemas

Are used as buffer, cathartics and atacids

Principle anion in tge intracellular fluid

Used as an antioxidant primarily with iodine and ferrous salts

Aka: lewisite metal

Component of Salvarson

Very poisonous

Antidote for arsenic

Aka: arsenolite

Uses:

1mg/ml - treat acute promyelocytic leukemia

Used as an insecticide

Sode effects of arsenic trioxide

Are early arsemic compounds in the treatment of syphilis

Aka: stibium

Potentially toxic

Use:

Expectorant

Emetic

Enti-helminthic

Aka: tartar emetic, brown mixture

Formerly used as an emetic and expectorant

Used in the treatment of schistosomiasis (liver fluke), a type of helminthic infestation that is endemic in eastern Philippines

Aka: Beautiful meadow

Use:

Astringent

Antiseptic

Internal protective for ulcer

Used as an astringent, mild germicide, antacid and protective (due to its adherent properties)

Prescribed clinically in the treatment of peptic ulcer

Aka: bismuth cream

A mixture of Bi subnitrate and Bi hydroxide

Use:

Antacid

Internal protective esp for gastric ulcer patients

Inhibits the growth of H.pylori

Aka columbium

Is used in sheet form for use in surgical repair of bones, nerve and tissues