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93 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
what line divides the pelvis into two regions?
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the linea terminalis
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what surface of the pelvic bone does the linea terminalis appear on?
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the medial surface
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which part of the pelvis is above the linea terminalis?
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the false pelvis
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which part of the pelvis is below the linea terminalis?
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the true pelvis
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what is the other name for the true pelvis?
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the pelvic cavity
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are abdominal or pelvic viscera found in the pelvic cavity?
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both
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what two anatomical landmarks lie in the same vertical plane in proper anatomical position?
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the ASIS and anterior aspect of the superior edge of the pubic symphysis
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where is the true pelvis with respect to the false pelvis?
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true is inferior and posterior to false
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does the false pelvis or true pelvis enclose the pelvic cavity?
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true
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what structures form the circumference of the pelvic inlet?
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the linea terminalis (pectineal line of the pubis and arcuate line of the ileum) and sacral promontory
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what are the bones of the pelvic wall?
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sacrum, coccyx, pelvic bones inferior to the linea terminalis
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the fusion of what three bones forms each pelvic bone?
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the ilium, pubis, and ischium
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what are the ligamentous components of the lateral pelvic wall?
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the sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligament
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where does the sacrospinous ligament extend?
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between the sacrum and coccyx and iscial spine
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where does the sacrotuberous ligament extend?
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posterior superior iliac spine to the medial aspect of the iscial tuberosity
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which is more superficial, the sacrotuberous or sacrospinous ligaments?
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sacrotuberous
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what is the function of the sacrotuberous and sacrospinus ligaments?
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they prevent the sacrum from tilting upward, and they convert the greater and lesser sciatic notches into foramina
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what are the three major apetures of passage in the pelvis?
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the obturator, the greater sciatic foramen, and the lesser sciatic foramen
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what closes most of the obturator foramen?
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the obturator membrane
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what passage remains in the obturator foramne?
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the obturator canal
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what structures form the greater sciatic foramen?
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the greater sciatic notch, the sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments, and the spine of the ischium
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what structures form the lesser sciatic foramen?
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the lesser sciatic notch, ischial spine, sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligaments
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what does the greater sciatic foramen provide communication between?
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the pelvic cavity and lower limb
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what does the lesser sciatic foramen provide communication between?
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the perineum and gluteal region
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what are the boundaries of the pelvic outlet?
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the pubic symphysis (anterior), inferior border of the pubis, ramus of the ischium + iscial tuberosity (lateral), and sacrotuberous ligament and coccyx (posterior)
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what passes through the pelvic outlet?
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the terminal parts of the urinary and gi tracts
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what does the pelvic diaphragm do?
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closes the puelvic outlet inferiorly and forms both the muscular floor of the pelvic cavity and roof of the perineum
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what parts of the gi system normally reside in the pelvis?
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the rectum
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which direction does the levantor ani muscle pull the rectum?
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anteriorly
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what is it called where the anorectal junction is pulled anteriorly?
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the anorectal angle
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how many lateral flexures does the rectum have when viewed anteriorly and why do they exist?
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three, and they exist because of internal transverse folds
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what is the rectal ampulla?
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the lower part of the rectum that's expanded to hold fecal mass until defacation
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what are the pelvic parts of the urinary system?
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the ureters, urinary bladder, and terminal part of the urethra
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what prevents urine reflux up the ureters?
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the oblique manner in which they enter the bladder
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where do the ureters enter the pelvic cavity in relation to the common iliac?
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anterior to the common iliac
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what crosses the ureters in the pelvis in males?
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the ductus deferens
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what crosses the ureters in the pelvis in females?
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the uterine artery
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what muscle forms the majority of the bladder and what type of muscle is it?
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the detrusor, smooth muscle
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what does the apex of the bladder point towards?
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the superior edge of the pubic symphysis
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where does the median umbilical ligament extend?
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from the apex of the bladder to the umbilicus
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what shape is the bottom of the bladder and where on it do the ureters enter and is its drain?
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a triangle. the ureters enter on the upper corners and it drains from the lower corner
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what is the trigone?
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the smooth area between the ureter openings and the urethra
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what is the uvula?
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on the trigone's inferior angle, a small eminance produced by the middle lobe of the prostate
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what forms the neck of the bladder?
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where the inferolateral surfaces and base meet
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what's under the neck of the bladder?
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prostate in males, pelvic diaphragm in females
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what are the parts of the urethra in males?
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preprostatic, prostatic, membranous, and spongy
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what are the male reproductive accessory glands?
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the prostate, seminal vesicles, and bulbourethral glands
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does the ductus deferns travel in the inguinal canal?
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yes
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what does the ductus deferens do?
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carries spermatozoa from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct
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what artery does the ductus deferens bend around?
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the inferior epigastric artery
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does the ductus deferens cross the ureter anteriorly or posteriorly to it?
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anterior to the ureter
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what is the enlargement of the ductus deferens right before it joins the seminal vesicle?
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the ampulla
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what do the seminal vesicle and ductus deferns join to form?
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the ejaculatory duct
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what does teh ejaculatory duct connect with in the prostate?
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the prostatic urethra
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are the seminal vesicles lateral or medial to the ductus deferens on the base of the bladder?
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lateral
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what does the prostate surround?
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the urethra
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what is the urethral crest?
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the raised portion of the posterior part of the prostatic urethra
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what is the seminal colliculus
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the raised portion of the prostatic urethra below the urethral crest
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what is on either side of the urethral crest?
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a urethral sinus
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what empties into the urethral sinuses?
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the ducts of the prostate
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what are the accessory glands for the female reproductive system?
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the greater vestibular glands
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what are the three parts of the uterus?
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the fundus, body, and the cervix
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what position is the uterus usually in relative to the vagina?
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anteverted (tipped anteriorly relative to the axis of the vagina)
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what position is the uterine body usually in?
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anteflexed (bent anterioly relative to the axis of the cervix
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what does the uterine body usually rest on?
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the bladder
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where are mature eggs ovulated into?
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the peritoneal cavity
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is the vagina usually collapsed?
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yes, except at its superior end where the cervix holds them apart
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where is the vagina in relation to the urethra, urinary bladder, and rectum?
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posterior to the urethra and urinary bladder, and anterior to the rectum
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what is the median umbilical fold?
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a fold over the urachus
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what are the medial umbilical folds?
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peritoneal folds over the umbilical artery remants
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which part of the rectum is only covered by peritoneum on its anterior surface?
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the middle third
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which part of the rectum is covered by peritoneum on its anterior and lateral aspects?
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the upper third
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which part of the rectum is not covered by peritoneum?
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the lowest third
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what is the retrovesical pouch?
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only in males, the pouch between the bladder and rectum
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what is the broad ligament?
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a double layer of peritoneum extending over the uterus to the lateral walls and floor of the pelvis. it keeps the uterus in position
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what are the three subcompartments of the broad ligament?
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the mesometrium, mesosalpinx, and mesovarium
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what is the mesometrium?
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the portion of the broad ligament that attaches the body of the uterus to the pelvic walls
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what is the mesosalpinx
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the portion of the broad ligament between the uterine tube and ovary
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what is the mesovarium
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the portion of the broad ligament that supports the ovary
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where is the mesovarium in relation to the mesosalpinx and mesometrium
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perpendicular to the plane containing the mesovarium and mesosalpinx
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what is the suspensory ligament of the ovary?
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a ligament containging vessels, lymphatics, and nerves to and from the ovary. a continuation of the broad ligament
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what attaches the inferior pole of the ovary to the uterus?
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the (proper) ligament of the ovary
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what travels between the broad ligament and deep inguinal ring?
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the round ligament
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what are the round ligament and ligament of the ovary to analagous to in males
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the gubernaculum
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what is the vesiculouterine pouch?
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only in females, a peritoneal lined pounch between the bladder and the uterus
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what is the recto-uterine pouch?
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only in females, a peritoneal-lined pouch between the uterus and rectum
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what is the lowest portion of a female's pelvic cavity when she's supine?
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the recto-uterine pouch
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in the female, is the urethra opening anterior or posterior to the vagina?
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anterior
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name them
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answers
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