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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The electric resistance is _____ to the absolute temperature
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The electric resistance is directly proportional to the absolute temperature
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Halfmetals/metalloids:
__, __, __, __, __ have low electric conductivity, which increases with a rise in temperature |
Halfmetals/metalloids: Boron, silicon, germanium, arsenic and tellurium have low electric conductivity, which increases with a rise in temperature
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Halfmetals/metalloids: Boron, silicon, germanium, arsenic and tellurium have _____ electric conductivity, which ____ with a rise in temperature
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Halfmetals/metalloids: Boron, silicon, germanium, arsenic and tellurium have low electric conductivity, which increases with a rise in temperature
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Non-metals have some properties of metal: Examples are _____ _____ and ______
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Non-metals have some properties of metal: Examples are conductive polymers and graphite
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Conductive polymers and graphite have some properties of metal: (1) ______, (2) __________
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Conductive polymers and graphite have some properties of metal: Solid, Conductive, Not Metal
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Graphite can conduct electrity due to __
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Graphite can conduct electrity due to the vast electron delocalization within the carbon layers
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Mechanical property of graphite is ____.
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Mechanical property of graphite is weak.
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Conductive polyers are _______ that can conduct electricity
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Conductive polyers are organics that can conduct electricity. (Organic compounds are normally NOT conductive)
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The properties of conductive polymers can be designed according to requirement by ____ _____ ____
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The properties of conductive polymers can be designed according to requirement by organic synthesis techniques
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Electrons in the functional groups ( ____ structured) can transfer from one place to another, thus causing the conductivity
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Electrons in the functional groups ( ring structured) can transfer from one place to another, thus causing the conductivity
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Applications of conductive polymers include ___ and ___
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Applications of conductive polymers include commercial displays and batteries
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How to draw polyacetylen
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Refer to notes L1P3
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Plyaromatic Conductive Polymer [Conjugative system, e.g. _____ (chemical formula) ]
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Plyaromatic Conductive Polymer [Conjugative system, e.g. C=C-C=C-C ]
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____________ _____________ ___________ [Conjugative system, e.g. C=C-C=C-C ]
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Plyaromatic Conductive Polymer [Conjugative system, e.g. C=C-C=C-C ]
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Metal wastewater is _____, ______ and then _____
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Metal wastewater is precipitated, settled and then dischaged
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One of the worst industrial disasters in history was caused by _________ of __________ ________ into Minamate Bay, Japan
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One of the worst industrial disasters in history was caused by the dumping of mercury compounds into Minamata Bay,
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Minamata disease: It is estimated over 3______ people suffered various deformities, severe mercury poisoning symptoms or death from what became known as Minamata disease
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Minamata disease: It is estimated over 3000 people suffered various deformities, severe mercury poisoning symptoms or death from what became known as Minamata disease
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Arsenic pollution:
2006: [As] must be below ___ ppb in drinking water |
Arsenic pollution:
2006: [As] must be below 10 ppb in drinking water |
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Arsenic pollution:
Treatment: ____ ____, _____ _____,____ _____ ________ |
Arsenic pollution:
Treatment: Iron oxides, ion exchange, adsorption, membrane technologies |
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Hazards associated with _____ ____ are due to its heavy metal toxicity rather than its radioactivity
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Hazards associated with depleted uranium are due to its heavy metal toxicity rather than its radioactivity
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Hazards associated with DU are due to _________
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Hazards associated with depleted uranium are due to its heavy metal toxicity rather than its radioactivity
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_______ ___ ________ are in danger of _______ and _______ airbone DU particles and can experience wound contamination by DU-contained compounds
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Soldiers in battles are in danger of ingesting and inhaling airbone DU particles and can experience wound contamination by DU-contained compounds
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______ transport, ______ transport and ________ transport are the dominant mechanisms of environmental transport of uranium
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Airbone transport, aqueous transport and biological transport are the dominant mechanisms of environmental transport of uranium
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DU can significantly adverse health effects, notably ____ and other forms of ____
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DU can significantly adverse health effects, notably leukeamia and other forms of cancer
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Yuh-Shan Ho and Mohammad I. El Khaiary had studied papers published in the area of heavy metals and reported the finding in "_____ ____ ____ IN ____ ___" of the book of "____ ______ in the ______" by CRC 2009
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Yuh-Shan Ho and Mohammad I. El Khaiary had studied papers published in the area of heavy metals and reported the finding in "HEAVY METAL TRANDS IN ENVIRONMENTAL FIELD" of the book of "Heavy metal in the environment" by CRC 2009
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The ___, owning a larger research tradition in this field, had the absolute ascendary of production
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The G7, owning a larger research tradition in this field, had the absolute ascendary of production
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The most frequently used keywords used in research were _____, ____ and ____
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The most frequently used keywords used in research were cadmium, copper and lead
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Among the metal removal methods were investigated, ______ was the most frequent and still rising. Other significant methods of removal in metal research are ____ and ____
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Among the metal removal methods were investigated, adsorption was the most frequent and still rising. Other significant methods of removal in the metal research are oxidation and reduction
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Where do the metals come from:
1. From _____ 2. From the _________ - In forms of __ ___ - via ___-____ ______ |
Where do the metals come from:
1. From sky (very rare) 2. From the earth/ground - In forms of raw materials, i.e. oil, coals and ores - via man-made processes |
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Heavy metals employed in major organic chemicals, petrochemicals industries: __, __, __, __, __, __, ___
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Heavy metals employed in major organic chemicals, petrochemicals industries: Cd, Cr, Fe, Hg, Pb, Sn, Zn
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Heavy metals employed in major fertilizers industry: __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __
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Heavy metals employed in major fertilizers industry:
1. Cd, 2. Cr 3. Cu 4. Fe 5. Hg 6. Mn 7. Pb 8, Ni 10. Zn |
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Heavy metals employed in major petroleum refining industry:
_, _, _, _, _, _, _ |
Heavy metals employed in major petroleum refining:
1. Cd 2. Cr 3. Cu 4. Fe 5. Pb 6. Ni 7. Zn |
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Two types of philosophy in decontamination
1. __ __ ___ 2. ___ ___ |
Two types of philosophy in decontamination
1. End of pipe 2. Pollution prevention |
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End of pipe system:
Characters of the wastewater stream: Higher/Lower metal concentration? |
End of pipe system:
Characters of the wastewater stream: Lower metal concentration due to dilution caused by non-metal contained wastewater |
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End of pipe system:
Characters of the wastewater stream: Lower metal concentration due to _______ caused by _______ |
End of pipe system:
Characters of the wastewater stream: Lower metal concentration due to _______ caused by _______ |
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Advantages of "End-of-Pipe Systems"
1. 2. 3. |
Advantages of "End-of-Pipe Systems"
1. Easy in construction and operation of treatment system 2. More cost-effective in removal/recovery of metals as the metal waste generated unit has higher metal concentration 3. The bio-treatment would not have metal toxicity problems |
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Disadvantages of "End-of-Pipe Systems"
1. 2. 3. |
Disadvantages of "End-of-Pipe Systems"
1. Difficult in removal/recovery of metals due to lower metal concentration 2. Effluent containing toxic metals would cause toxicity in bio-treatment 3. Relatively costly as existing treatment systems will have to be changed or new system will be added |
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Sustainability is
/ \ ?? / \ ?? /_____\ ?? |
Sustainability is
/ \ Society / \ Economy /_____\ Environment |
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3 Basic Principles of Environmental Pollution
1. 2. 3. |
3 Basic Principles of Environmental Pollution
1. Pollution from human activities is unavoidable 2. Prevent pollution whenever possible 3. Minimal pollution is acceptable |