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44 Cards in this Set
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Amphiumidae
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large, aquatic salamander
4 very reduced limbs paedamorphic water goes dry, they are able to bury themselves in the mud and form a mucous cocoon. |
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Sirenidae
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aquatic salamanders.
lack hind limbs. paedomorphic External fertilization |
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Cryptobranchidae
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Giant Salamanders.
feeds on fish and crustaceans. external fertilization incomplete metamorphosis |
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Proteidae
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Aquatic salamanders
paedomorphic red, external gills. some degree of viviparity |
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Plethodontidae
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Lungless Salamanders
naso-labial grooves direct developers |
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Salamandridae
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true salamanders and newts.
terrestrial or aquatic (newts= terrestrial young, aquatic adults) toxic skin secretions lungs always present internal fertilization through the use of a spermatophore |
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Ambystomatidae
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metamorphosing as well as facultative and obligate paedomorphic.
Polyploidy and gynogenetic lineages also occur Most have vivid patterning on dark backgrounds oviparous with aquatic larvae |
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Caeciliidae
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Ceacilian
resemble worms or snakes. Oviparous/Ovovivparous direct/indirect developers phallodeum, penis like, inserted for several hours |
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Ascaphidae
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"tailed” frogs,
tail = extension of the male cloaca. only North American frog that reproduces by internal fertilization. lacking the ability to vocalise |
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Pelobatidae
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Frogs
aka spade foot toads |
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Pipidae
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tongueless, vocal cordless frogs (still make sounds).
exclusively aquatic the body is flattened eggs to be deposited on the female's back, froglets emerge fully formed. |
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Hylidae
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tree frogs (not all live in trees, but are terrestrial or semi-aquatic.)
adhesive pads on the fingers and toes. |
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Microhylidae
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Narrow-mouthed Frogs.
variety of reproductive strategies including aquatic larvae, larvae without mouthparts and direct development. |
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Dendrobatidae
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Dart-Poison Frogs
produce toxic skin alkaloids, which are obtained through the insects they eat. divided scutes (thick pads of skin) on the dorsal surface of their digits. exhibit parental care |
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Ranidae
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True Frogs
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Bufonidae
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true toads.
Tadpoles occur. pair of parotoid glands on the back of their heads (contain an alkaloid poison (aka bufotoxin) which the toads excrete when stressed) Male toads possess a Bidder's organ. organ becomes an active ovary and the toad, in effect, becomes female. |
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Chelidae
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side neck turtles
aquatic species presence of cloacal breathing in some species. snake-necked species: eat fish. short-necked: largely herbivorous |
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Cheloniidae
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sea turtles, truly marine
females come ashore only to nest. lost the ability to retract the head within the shell. Omnivorous Females reproduce on multi-year cycles, but produce multiple clutches within a single season. |
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Dermochelyidae
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Leather back sea turtles
osteoderms embedded in a leathery skin feeds on jellyfish due to weak jaw |
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Chelydridae
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snapping turtles/ big headed turtles
can't fully hide bodies |
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Testudinidae
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tortoise
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Kinosternidae
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Mud and musk turtles.
release a foul smelling, musky odor carnivorous Females are generally larger than males. |
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Emydidae
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largest and most diverse turtle family.
primarily freshwater species range from strict carnivory to strict herbivory. most closely related to the tortoises |
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Trionychidae
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softshells
carapace lacks scutes and is covered instead with a leathery skin. soft bottom (mud) is necessary Softshells = carnivorous, but other species = Omnivourous |
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Amphisbaenidae
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amphisbaenia
worm lizards (not lizards for real) No legs burrowing carnivorous diets |
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Sphenodontidae
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tuatara, Rhynchocephalia
Many of the niches occupied by lizards today were then held by sphenodontians. |
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Gekkonidae
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geckos
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Teiidae
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has whiptails (Parthenogenic)
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Phyrnosomatidae
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Order Iguania
some shoot blood out of sinuses |
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Helodermatidae
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Venomous lizards
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Scincidae
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Skinks
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Anguidae
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reduced or absent limbs (lizards)
vivparous/oviparous look like snakes |
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Elapidae
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venomous snake
proteroglyphous fangs (hollow, fixed, short) used to inject venom (neurotoxic, Death from elapid bites usually results from asphyxiation because the diaphragm can no longer contract). eyes with round pupils oviparous |
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Hydrophiidae
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sub-family of elapidae
sea snakes ovoviparous (some) |
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Viperidae
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venomous snakes
solenoglyphous (hollow, long, not-fixed) fangs that are used to inject venom(protein-degrading enzymes, called proteases. Proteolytic venomcan help with digestion as well, Death is usually caused by collapse in blood pressure. ) slit pupils |
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Crotalidae
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sub-family of Viperidae
Pit-vipers heat sensing pits ovoviviparous |
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Boidae
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Boa constrictor
vestigial pelvic girdle with hind limbs that are partially visible as a pair of spurs. Teeth= acrodont, Aglyphous Boas = new world ovoviviparous |
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Pythonidae
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pythons
Ambush predators oviparous, females will incubate them until they hatch, by causing the muscles to "shiver" Old world |
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Colubridae
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largest snake family (classically been a garbage bin taxon for snakes that do not fit elsewhere)
can be opistoglyohous |
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Natricidae
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Sub-family of Colubridae
water snakes |
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Dipsadidae
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Opistoglyph??
snake |
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Alligatoridae
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alligators and caimans.
wider and shorter heads, with more obtuse snouts than crocodiles. Slightly omnivorous |
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Gavialidae
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gharials (order crocydilia)
thin snout |
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Crocodylidae
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crocodiles
largest of crocodylia |
