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87 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The fundamental problem of the Peloponnesian War was how a naval power such as X could defeat landlocked Y and how Y, with no effective navy, could hope to capture the well-defended X.
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X=Athens Y=Sparta
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Tradition sets the X War in Mycenaean times, long before the eighth or seventh centuries when the poems were first written down.
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X=Trojan
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The son of the last king of Rome, Tarquin the Proud, raped X.
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X=Lucretia
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The fundamental problem of the Peloponnesian War was how a naval power such as X could defeat landlocked Y and how Y, with no effective navy, could hope to capture the well-defended X.
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X=Athens Y=Sparta
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Tradition sets the X War in Mycenaean times, long before the eighth or seventh centuries when the poems were first written down.
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X=Trojan
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The son of the last king of Rome, Tarquin the Proud, raped X.
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X=Lucretia
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X was the Roman goddess of the hearth.
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X=Vesta
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No pre-industrial society has ever mobilized such a high percentage of its male population in war over such a long period of time as X.
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X=Rome
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The supremacy of Rome in war depended not only on her manpower but on a mixture of X and comparative generosity in defeat.
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X=Ferocity
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In 265 BC Rome’s power extended only as far as X.
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X=Northern Italy
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The fundamental problem of the Peloponnesian War was how a naval power such as X could defeat landlocked Y and how Y, with no effective navy, could hope to capture the well-defended X.
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X=Athens Y=Sparta
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Tradition sets the X War in Mycenaean times, long before the eighth or seventh centuries when the poems were first written down.
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X=Trojan
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The son of the last king of Rome, Tarquin the Proud, raped X.
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X=Lucretia
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X was the Roman goddess of the hearth.
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X=Vesta
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No pre-industrial society has ever mobilized such a high percentage of its male population in war over such a long period of time as X.
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X=Rome
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The supremacy of Rome in war depended not only on her manpower but on a mixture of X and comparative generosity in defeat.
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X=Ferocity
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In 265 BC Rome’s power extended only as far as X.
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X=Northern Italy
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During the above period of the Mediterranean’s major sea power was X.
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X=Carthage
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A grounded X ship was used by Rome as a model with crews being trained on land.
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X=Carthaginian
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How did Scipio get the name “Africanus”?
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By defeating Hannibal at the Battle of Zama (which was in Africa)
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It was during the reign of Augustus that Rome was transformed “from brick to X”.
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X=Marble
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The transformation of cities such as Rome was helped by the development of a strengthened form of X, which used local volcanic ash.
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X=Concrete
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Julius Caesar is perhaps the best known of all the Romans, his name transmitted into later European history as X and Y.
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X=Tsar Y=Kaiser
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The most successful years of the Republic had been those when X’s authority had been respected and deferred to by the other participants in the Roman political system.
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X=the Senate
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Who are the 3 most famous poets of the Augustan Age?
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Horace, Virgil, and Ovid
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Augustus’ powers were granted personally to him by X for life.
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X=The Senate
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Augustus died in August. Which other Roman had a month named for him?
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Julius Caesar (July)
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Tiberius came from the Claudii, one of the most ancient families of Rome. His adoption into the Julians, Augustus’ adopted family. What was the name of their dynasty?
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The Julio-Claudian Dynasty
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69 AD is known as the year of X.
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X=The Four Emperors
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Which dynasty then ensued (after 69 AD)?
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The Flavian Dynasty
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Vespasian was a successful commander in the invasion of Britain in 43 AD and conquering the south west of England. He later rose in the senate to become consul in 51 AD and governor of Africa a decade later. Why else did Nero choose him as commander to suppress the revolt in Judaea?
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Because his provincial origins made him an unlikely rival.
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Because of scandals, Hadrian instituted what change in the large city baths?
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He gave men and women separate times to use the baths.
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The X is the best preserved building from ancient Rome and was completed in c. 125 AD in the reign of Hadrian.
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X=Pantheon
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In the early days of Rome X were defeated enemies whom the victor had the right to kill but chose to preserve, under a suspended death sentence as it were. The defeated were also, in Roman ideology, seen as abject in themselves.
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X=slaves
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What action would be taken if a slave murdered his master?
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All the slaves of the house were slaughtered
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What is the difference between a freedman or freedwoman and a person who was freeborn?
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A freedman was a slave who was freed by his master while a person who was freeborn was never a slave.
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What are the 3 Mediterranean peninsulas?
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Italian, Greek, Iberian
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All 3 of these peninsulas were mountainous. How did mountains impact the development of civilizations?
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Caused civilization to: -live in smaller communities spread over a larger area -live closer to the coasts as the land was more fertile -need to colonize and trade
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Which ancient eastern culture influence Greece most?
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The Phoenicians
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According to Aristotle, which civilization invented writing and mathematics and were the most learned of doctors?
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The Egyptians
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Which people invented the Trireme?
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The Phoenicians
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What is a Trireme?
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A type of war ship
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From which culture did Greeks adopt their alphabet?
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The Phoenicians
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From what part of the world did Greeks likely learn to enjoy meals while reclining?
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The Palestinians
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What is the principal reason Greeks learned sea travel?
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To find new places to colonize due to the increasing population
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What was the premier Greek Colony in the west?
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Sicily
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With what items might a hoplite be outfitted? Who supplied these items?
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Equipped with a “bronze helmet, shield, cuirass, and greaves, with a sword and a stabbing spear”. They were supplied by themselves.
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What was the colony founded by Spartans? Who were its first settlers?
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Tarentum and it was settled by the illegitimate children of Spartan wives while their husbands were at war.
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Describe the hoplite fighting formation.
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Fought in rows with a phalanx, each man protected the Spartan on their right.
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Could the hoplite formation be effective against a cavalry?
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Yes unless they were attacked from the side
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The Homeric hero fought for his own or his family’s glory. Why did the hoplite fight?
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Glory of state
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How did Greek cities gain new leadership when aristocrats would not give way?
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They used rhetoric to undermine authority and they would develop new commodities
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Which became Greece’s two most prominent cities?
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Sparta and Athens
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Democracy and freedom were Greek hallmarks. What grew alongside freedom?
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Slavery
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What were the most important duties of Spartan kings?
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Religious leaders and military commanders
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What distinguished the Spartan hoplite army?
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They were hoplites by virtue of citizenship (meaning they had a full-time army)
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One can learn much about the nature of what kind of politics from Sparta?
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Oligarchy
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In the 9th through the 7th century BC, why were the early Greeks so attracted to the east, which still dazzled Alexander and his men when they sacked the great cities of Persia four centuries later?
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Commodities such as spices, silk, bronze, seals, and shells of the Red Sea.
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Which civilization provided the most important immediate influence on the Greeks during the 9th through 7th centuries BC?
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The Mycenaean
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What primary reason did Aristotle give for the fall of the tyrants?
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Inability to control sexual desire
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Around which Greek city did the Apostle Paul develop Christian teachings on sexuality?
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Corinth
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Who is the most celebrated lyric poet of the late Renaissance period? From which island was this poet?
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Sappho, The Island of Lesbos
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Where would you place the historical Orientalizing Period, and why? Archaic, Classical, or Hellenistic?
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Archaic period as they were emerging from the Dark Ages and were thus exposed to more external influences
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The poleis showed their pride in the erection of grand temples. Which ancient culture influenced Greek monument architecture?
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Egypt
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What is the legend of Pheidippides?
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A runner went to Marathon after the Persians landed near Athens. He returned to Athens with the news that they would be held up for a week due to religious rituals.
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What is the first modern work of history? Who wrote it?
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“The History” by Herodotus
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Which philosopher believed it was part of the natural order that there should be an elite who did the ruling and a slave class who carried out the labour on which civilized living depended?
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Plato – Philosopher kings
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What city valued the state over the individual?
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Sparta
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How was citizenship defined in Athens?
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Involvement in assembly or government
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What part of family and social life did Athenians employ to possibly ensure male dominance?
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Customs that the husband was significantly older than the wife
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Which women would have had more personal liberty, the Athenian or the Spartan?
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Spartan
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What race of immortal beings did Zeus subvert?
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The Titans
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What caused the formation of the Delian League?
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Common fears and ties of the Aegean states after the Persian invasion
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Athens led the Delian League. Why was it called the Delian League and not the Athenian League?
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Fear of Athens’ rule, and it was held on the Island of Delos
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Who are the 3 great ancient Greek tragedy writers?
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Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides
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Name 4 sources from which we learn about Greek myths.
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“The Histories”-Herodotus, “The Iliad” and “The Odyssey (Homer), “The Suppliants” (Aeschylus), the works of Thucydides
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Egypt had not city on the Mediterranean coast until X was founded by Y in 332 BC, and no seagoing navy is recorded before the seventh century.
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X=Alexandria Y=Alexander the Great
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The period from 3000-1000 BC, when the use of iron becomes widespread, is normally referred to as the X.
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X=Bronze Age
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One possible way of understanding the religion of the Greeks is to see it as a method of coming to terms with the X of life.
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X=Unpredictability
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The Western world, its culture, its religious beliefs, its consciousness, has been shaped for good or bad by X and Y.
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X=Greece Y=Rome
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How was citizenship defined in Athens?
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Role in government, ownership of land, two parents with citizenship, being a man.
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How was citizenship defined in Sparta?
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Ownership of land through which membership of a mess could be sustained, being a man.
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The philosopher Aristotle was born in northern Greece in 384. He moved south when he was 17 and spent twenty years in Athens as a pupil of X.
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X=Plato
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While the Greeks did not believe that the gods were preoccupied with the behavior of the human race, there was a general feeling that they would X and Y bad.
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X=reward the good Y=punish the bad
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What was an “oracle”?
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A way of learning the will of the gods, a method of communication with the gods
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Which oracle is the most celebrated example?
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The Oracle of Apollo at Delphi
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If you lived in Ancient Greece and were able to approach an oracle with one of your present-day concerns, what question do you think would be acceptable?
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“If (insert event here) were to happen, would the gods be pleased or angered?” (There are an endless possibility, as long as the questions concern the gods and were of a certain amount of significance.)
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