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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Erythropoietin
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regulates blood cell formation in response to decreased blood oxygen concentration, acts on specific receptors expressed on surface of CFU-E
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Renin
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involved in the control of blood pressure and volume, cleaves angiontensinogen to release angiotensin I
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Aldosterone
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regulates uptake of Na which increases blood pressure and volume in distal convulted tubule, released from angiotensin II from zona glomerulosa
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Angiotensin II
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converted from angiotensin I by ACE present in lungs, forms aldosterone, potent vasoconstrictor that has a regulatory role in the control of renal and systemic vascular resistance
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Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
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acts on collecting ducts to conserve water, diabetes insipidus occurs
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Cortex
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consists of renal corpuscles, convulted and straight tubules, collecting tubules and ducts
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Medullary ray
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contains convoluted tubules, and collecting tubules and ducts
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Medulla
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contains vasa recta, collecting ducts, and straight tubules
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Vasa recta
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capillary network which runs parallel to various tubules, vascular part of countercurrent exchange system that regulates the concentration of urine, helps to maintain the osmotic gradient of the medulla,
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Papilla
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projects into minor calyx, where all the drainage takes place
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Nephron
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functional unit of kidney, consists of renal corpuscle and tubule system, collecting ducts responsible for the final concentration of the urine
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Glomerulus
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Tuft of capillaries composed of 10 to 20 capillary loops, surrounded by a double layer epithelial cup, called bowman’s capsule, endothelium of capillaries contains fenestrations, secretes renin
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Bowman’s capsule
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surrounds glomerulus, initial portion of nephron where blood flowing through glomerulus undergoes filtration to produce glomerular ultrafiltrate, simple squamous epithelium constitutes parietal layer
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The longer the tube
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The more absorption takes place
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Afferent arteriole
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from renal artery, give rise to capillaries that form the glomerulus
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Efferent arteriole
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glomerulus capillaries unite to form efferent arterioles which form capillaries
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Podocytes
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found in visceral layer of bowman’s capsule, extended around glomerular capillaries, develop pedicles which allow ultrafiltrate from blood to enter bowman’s space, blood contains 25% of glomerular filtrate
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Urinary space
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space between visceral and parietal layers, receptacle for the ultrafiltrate produced by the renal corpuscle
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Mesangial cells
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constitute the mesangium, enclosed by basal lamina of glomerular capillaries, involved in phagocytosis, structural support, and secretion
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Cortical nephron
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renal corpuscle found in outer part of cortex, have short loops of henle
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Juxtamedullary nephron
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renal corpuscle occur in proximity of the base of a medullary pyramid, have long loops of henle and long ascending thin segments
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Juxtamedullary cells
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contain secretory granules, secretes rennin
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Proximal convoluted tubule
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initial and major site of reabsorption, receives ultrafiltrate from urinary space of bowman’s capsule, contain cuboidal cells with microvilli, most of reabsorption takes place here, contain Na/K atpase pumps, reabsorb amino acids, sugars, and polypeptides
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Thick descending tubule
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descends into medulla, referred to as proximal straight tubule
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Thin descending segment
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highly permeable to water, and less permeable to NaCl and urea, part of the countercurrent exchange system in concentrating urine, transports ions
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Thin ascending segment
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does not actively transport ions, permeable to NaCl, impermeable to water
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Thick ascending segment
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allow Cl, Na, and K to enter cell from lumen, contain large cuboidal cells, less developed microvilli
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Distal convoluted tubules
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functions in reabsorption of Na and secretion of K, reabsorption of bicarbonate ions which acidifies urine, and secretion of ammonium, contains aldosterone and antidiuretic system
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Loop of henle
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contains thick and thin descending, and thick and thin ascending segments
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Collecting tubules ducts
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composed of simple epithelium, squamous to cuboidal in shape
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Interlobar arteries
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branch from renal artery which enters kidney, travel between pyramids as far as cortex
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Arcuate artery
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interlobar arteries from base of pyramid between medulla and cortex
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Urinary passage
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contains no muscularis mucosa or submucosal layer, only a muscularis externa after lamina propria
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