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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
layers of tunica mucosa
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-innermost layer of tubular organ
1. l. epithelialis 2. l. propria 3. l. muscularis -not all layers may be present |
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propria submucosa
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l. propria + t. submucosa if l. muscularis absent
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layers of tubular organ
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innermost > outermost
1. tunica mucosa 2. tela submucosa 3. tunica muscularis 4. tunica serosa or tunica adventitia |
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tunica adventitia
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blends with CT of adjacent organs or structures
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tela
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network
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external nose
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-keratinized st. squamous with pigmented cells
- characteristic grooves - moist in ox and pigs by underlying glands, in dog by nasolacrimal gland overflow -shape supported by internal cartilage |
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vestibular region of nasal cavity
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-transition to non-keratinized mucosa
- serous or mixed glands in the underlying CT help humidify entering air |
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respiratory epithelium
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-pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells
- some cells with microvilli -humidify and cleanse air - cilia pushes up mucous with particulate/ foreign body material inside |
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nasal glands
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mixed glands which humidfy respiratory region
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erectile tissue of respiratory region
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-vascular cavities fill with blood and warm air of nasal cavity
-thermoregulation |
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conchae (turbinates) of respiratory region
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-bony scrolls which extend off the lateral wall of the nasal cavity
-increase surface area |
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olfactory epithelium
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-no goblet cells: whited out areas
-pseudostratified columnar epithelium 1. sustentacular cells 2. basal cells 3. olfactory cells |
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sustentacular cells
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-of olfactory epithelium
- support - uppermost layer of nuclei - have microvilli |
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basal cells
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-of olfactory epithelium
-basal cell layer of nuclei - epithelial stem cell -immature receptor cell? |
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olfactory cells
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-of olfactory epithelium
- bipolar neurons - non-motile cilia on olfactory bulb - lifespan on cells about 50 days: turnover unique to these neurons - adapt: shut down after a period of time with the same continuous odor |
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olfactory cell numbers
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1. dog: 280 million, 7K square mm, can detect 1 x 10^13 (1 drop in 530, 000 barrels of water)
2. cat: 67 million, ? square mm 3. human: 20 million, 500 square mm |
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olfactory (Bowman's) glands
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-serous glands
-in propria submucosa - cleanse epithelial surface and solubilize odors |
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paranasal sinuses
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-spaces in maxillary, frontal, ethmoid, and sphenoid bones
-continuous with nasal cavity - epithelium ranges from squamous to this respiratory (few goblet cells) |
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vomeronasal (Jacobson's) organ
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-paired tubular structure in the floor of the nasal cavity
-empties into incisive duct - lined with respiratory (lat) and olfactory (med) epithelium -chemoreception of liquid-bourne components - associated with sexual behavior: Flehman reaction or lip curl |
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nasopharynx
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-lined with respiratory epithelium
- diffuse and aggregated lymphatic tissue - pharyngeal tonsil in roof of nasopharynx |
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larynx
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-connects pharynx with trachea
-several cartilages present, joined by skeletal muscle and ligaments - vocal fold extends from arytenoid to trough of thyroid - lined with st. squamous resp epi: may have tastebuds on GI surface -lymphatic tissue beneath epithelium |
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cartilages of larynx
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1. epiglottis: elastic, often infiltrated with fat
2. thyroid, cricoid, paired arytenoid: hyaline 3. corniculated process of arytenoid is elastic |
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trachea
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-cross section shape varies w species
-lined with repiratory epithelium - submucosal glands: seromucous, provide most of tracheal secretions - C shaped hyaline cartilage rings give support to walls - smooth m between the open ends of the cartilage: trachealis m - surrounded by t. adventitia |
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lung
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-divided into lobes and lobules
- pattern is species variable - covered by visceral pleura |
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bronchus
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-branch from trachea
- lined w respiratory epithelium - l. propria and l. muscularis mucosae spiraled -cartilage in plate instead of rings |
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bronchiole
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-lined with simple cuboidal or columnar epithelium
-no goblet cells at this level -no cartilage -muscle can contract and narrow airways |
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bronchiolar cells (of bronchiole)
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-also called Clara or bronchiolar exocrine cells
- cuboidal, domed cells - no cilia - secrete glycoproteins and metabolize xenobiotics |
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ciliated lining cells of bronchioles
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-cilia decrease as you progress down the airway
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neuroendocrine cells of bronchiole
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- role unclear
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respiratory bronchiole
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-first level of respiration
- lined with cuboidal cells - alveoli protrude from the walls |
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alveolar duct
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-connects respiratory bronchiole to alveolar sac
- small patches of smooth m |
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alveolar sac
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a cluster of alveoli
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squamous alveolar epithelial cell type I
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-primary lining cell of alveolus
- simple squamous epithelium |
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granular alveolar epithelial cells type II, great alveolar cell
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-secretory cell: produces surfactant
- round of cuboidal, projecting into lumen - foamy cytoplasm -lamellar bodies at EM level are precursors of surfactant |
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pulmonary macrophages
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-septal macrophage stationary
- alveolar macrophage migrates |
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septal pores
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present between alveoli
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blood supply
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1. pulmonary a: functional gas exchange
-forms an extensive capillary bed for gas exchange 2. bronchial a: nutritional |
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septal space
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-space between the basal lamina of the alveolar epithelium and basal lamina of the capillary endothelium
-contains CT fibers, fibroblasts, macrophages, plasma cells, lymphocytes |
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blood-air barrier
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1. alveolar lining cell
2. basal lamina of epithelium 3. basal lamina of endothelium 4. endothelial cell capillary |