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64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
the smallest unit that can carry on all of the processes of life
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cell
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Cell theory
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All living organisms are composed of one or more cells
Cells are the basic units of structure and function in an organism Cells come only from the reproduction of existing cells |
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the cell's outer boundary
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Plasma membrane
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the region of the cell within the membrane that includes the fluid, the cytoskeleton, and all of the organelles except the nucleus
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cytoplasm
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the soluble portion of the cytoplasm, which includes molecules and small particles, such as ribosomes, but not organelles covered with membranes
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cytosol
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a membrane bound organelle that contains the cell's DNA and that has a role in processes such as growth, metabolism, and reproduction
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nucleus
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a singe-celled organism that has no nucleus and has no membrane bound organelles; bacteria archea
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prokaryote
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an organism made up of cells that have a nucleus enclosed by a membrane, multiple chromosomes, and a mitotic cycle; animals, plants, and fungi
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eukaryote
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one of the small bodies that are found in the cytoplasm of a cell and that are specialized to perform a specific function
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organelle
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a collection of specialized cells and cell products that perform a specific function
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tissue
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the smallest unit that can carry on all of the processes of life
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cell
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Cell theory
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All living organisms are composed of one or more cells
Cells are the basic units of structure and function in an organism Cells come only from the reproduction of existing cells |
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the cell's outer boundary
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Plasma membrane
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the region of the cell within the membrane that includes the fluid, the cytoskeleton, and all of the organelles except the nucleus
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cytoplasm
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the soluble portion of the cytoplasm, which includes molecules and small particles, such as ribosomes, but not organelles covered with membranes
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cytosol
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a membrane bound organelle that contains the cell's DNA and that has a role in processes such as growth, metabolism, and reproduction
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nucleus
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a singe-celled organism that has no nucleus and has no membrane bound organelles; bacteria archea
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prokaryote
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an organism made up of cells that have a nucleus enclosed by a membrane, multiple chromosomes, and a mitotic cycle; animals, plants, and fungi
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eukaryote
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one of the small bodies that are found in the cytoplasm of a cell and that are specialized to perform a specific function
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organelle
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a collection of specialized cells and cell products that perform a specific function
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tissue
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a collection of tissues that carry out a specialized function of the body
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organ
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a group of organs that accomplish related tasks
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organ system
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a double layer of phospholipids that makes up plasma and organelle membranes
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phospholipid bilayer
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in a eukaryotic cell, one of the structures in the nucleus that are made up of DNA and protein, in a prokaryotic cell, the main ring of DNA
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chromosome
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the double membrane that surrounds the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell
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nuclear envelope
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the part of the eukaryotic nucleus where ribosomal RNA is synthesized
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nucleolus
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a cell organelle composed of RNA and protein; the site of protein synthesis
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ribosome
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in a eukaryotic cell, the cell organelle that is surrounded by two membranes and that is the site of cellular respiration, which produces ATP
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mitochondrion
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a system of membranes that is found in a cell's cytoplasm and that assists in the production, processing, and transport of proteins and in the production of lipids
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endoplasmic reticulum
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cell organelle that helps make and package materials to be transported out of the cell
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Golgi apparatus
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a cell organelle that contains digestive enzymes and that buds from the Golgi apparatus
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lysosome
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the cytoplasmic network of protein filaments and tubes that plays an essential role in cell movement, shape, and division
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cytoskeleton
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one of the small tubular, fibers composed of the protein tubulin that are found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells, that are compose the cytoplasm, and that play a role in cell structure and movement
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microtubule
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a fiber found inside eukaryotic cells that is composed mainly of the protein actin and that has a role in cell structure and movement
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microfilament
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a hairlike structure arranged in tightly packed rows that projects from the surface of some cells
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cilium
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a long, hairlike structure that grows out of a cell and enables the cell to move
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flagellum
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an organelle that is composed of two short microtubules at right angles to each other and that has an active role in mitosis
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centriole
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a rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane and provides support to the cell
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cell wall
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in some protists and in most plant cells, a large, fluid-filled organelle that stores water, enzymes, metabolic wastes, and other materials
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central vacuole
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an organelle of plant cells that contains specific substances and performs specific functions for the cell; chloroplasts and chromoplasts
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plastid
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an organelle found in plant and algae cells where photosynthesis occurs
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chloroplast
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a membrane system found within chloroplasts that contains the components for photosynthesis
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thylakoid
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a green pigment that is present in most plant cells, that gives plants their characteristic green color, and that reacts with sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to form carbohydrates
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chlorophyll
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surrounds the cell membrane of plants
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cell wall
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acts as the cell's command center
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nucleus
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is a gelatin-like substance
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cytoplasm
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transports proteins and other materials throughout the cell
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endoplasmic reticulum
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is made of chromatin which contains DNA
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chromosomes
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functions as the cell's skin
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plasma membrane
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aids cell motility
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microfilament
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packages protein for release outside the cell
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Golgi apparatus
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produces protein that the cell needs
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ribosomes
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is the cell's powerhouse
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mitochondria
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store digestive enzymes
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lysosomes
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regulates substances entering and leaving the nucleus
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nuclear membrane
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contain chlorophyll in green plants
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plastid
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Mitchondria function?
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cell respiration
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Ribosomes function?
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protein synthesis
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nucleus function?
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contains the hereditary information
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vacuole function?
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storage of water, undigested food, and/or waste products
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centriole function?
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active in movement of the chromosomes during cell division
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lysosome function?
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storage of digestive enzymes
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endoplasmic reticulum function?
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transport within the cytoplasm
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golgi apparatus function?
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packages secretions
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