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76 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are Regulatory Hormones? |
Secreted from the Hypothalamus, they are special Hormones that control the activity of endocrine cells in the anterior pituitary gland.
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What are Releasing Hormones? (RH)
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A Regulatory Hormone. They stimulate the production of one or more hormones in the anterior pituitary.
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What are Inhibiting Hormones?
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A Type of Regulatory Hormone, that inhibits the production or secretion of pituitary hormones.
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What is Antidiuretic Hormone?
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Secreted from the Hypothalamus, & stored in the Posterior Pituitary, they retain water and they are regulated by higher brain canters.
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What is Oxytosin?
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Secreted from Hypothalamus, stored in Posterior Pituitary Gland, Oxytosin stimulates smooth muscle contractions during labor, the Milk Let Down Reflex, and Prostate Gland contraction. Regulated by higher brain functions. |
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What is Thyroid Stimulating Hormone? (TSH)
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Anterior Pituitary Hormone, regulated by the Hypothalamus, that stimulates the thyroid.
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What is Prolactin?
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Anterior Pituitary hormone essential for breast milk production, regulated by the Hypothalamus.
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What is Growth Hormone?
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Anterior Pituitary Hormone that stimulates cell growth and reproduction, regulated by the Hypothalamus.
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What is Luteinizing Hormone?
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Anterior Pituitary Hormone which induces ovulation, and promotes the secretion by the ovaries of estrogen. Also stimulates the interstitial cells of the testes. Regulated by the Hypothalamus.
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What is Adrenocorticotropic Hormone? (ACTH)
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Anterior Pituitary Hormone, that stimulates the release of steroid hormones by the adrenal cortex. Regulated by the Hypothalamus.
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What is Follicle-Stimulating Hormone? (FSH)
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Anterior Pituitary Hormone, that stimulates egg production in ovaries, and sperm production in testes. Regulated by the Hypothalamus.
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What is Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone? (MSH)
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Anterior Pituitary Hormone, that stimulates melanocytes in the skin, and increase their production of Melanin (Skin Pigment) Regulated by the Hypothalamus.
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What is Thyroxine?
T4: Tetraiodothyrinine T3: Triiodothyrainine |
A Thyroid Hormone, that stimulates Metabolism. Regulated by Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
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What is Calcitonin?
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A Thyroid Hormone, that helps reduce the calcium ion concentration in the body fluid. Regulated by Calcium level in blood.
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What is Parathyroid Hormone?
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A hormone found in the parathyroid, that increases blood calcium levels. Regulated by the blood calcium level.
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What is Thymosin?
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A Thymus Hormone of the thymus essential for the development and differentiation of T-cells (Immunity).
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What are Androgens?
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A steroid sex hormone in the testes and manufactured in small quantities in the adrenal cortex, that give the secondary sex characteristics.
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What are Mineralocorticoids? (MCS)
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An Adrenal Cortex Hormone, that regulates the sodium (Na+) and Potassium (K+) Affecting the Kidneys.
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What are Glucocorticoids? (GCS)
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Adrenal Cortex Hormones, that affect glucose metabolism. Regulated by ACTH.
Ex: Cortisol, Corticosterone, Cortisone. |
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What are Epinepherine and Norepinephrine?
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Adrenal Medulla Hormones. Flight or Fight Response. They increase heart rate, respiratory rate, blood sugar levels, metabolism. Regulated by Higher Brain Functions and the Sympathetic Nervous system.
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What is Renin?
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A hormone secreted by the kidneys, Renin has a vasoconstricting effect on the peripherals, and a water conserving effect on the kidneys. Regulated by blood volume.
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What is Erythropoietin? (EPO)
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Hormone released by kidneys, that travels to red bone marrow and stimulated RBC production. Regulated by Blood Volume.
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What is Calcitrol?
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A Hormone secreted by the kidneys that regulates calcium levels in the blood with help of Vitamin D. Regulated by Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
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What is Atriel Natriuretic peptide? (ANP)
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Hormone released by the Kidney's ANP promotes sodium and water loss at the kidneys, and blocks other water conserving hormones like ADH, and EPO. Regulated by blood pressure/volume.
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What is Insulin?
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A Kidney Hormone that decreases blood glucose levels. Regulated by the blood glucose level.
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What is Glucagon?
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A Hormone of the Pancreas that raises blood glucose levels. Regulated by blood glucose levels.
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What is Testosterone? (Androgen)
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The main hormone secreted by the Testes, gives males their secondary sex characteristics. Regulated by FSH and LH.
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What is Inhibin?
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A Hormone found in both the Testes and the ovaries, responsible for regulation of sperm levels and maintaining uterus lining. Regulated by the sperm/ uterine levels.
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What is Estrogen?
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A Hormone secreted by the ovaries, responsible for giving women their secondary sex characteristics.
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What is Melatonin?
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A Hormone secreted by the Pineal gland, that is responsible for establishment of day night cycles of activity. Regulated by light and dark.
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What are the TWO hormones Secreted from the Hypothalamus?
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Antidiuretic hormone and Oxytocin.
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What are the SEVEN hormones secreted from the Anterior Pituitary Hormone?
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TSH, Prolactin, Growth Hormone, LE, ACTH, FSH, MSH.
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What are the NINE hormones regulated by the Hypothalamus?
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TSH, Prolactin, GH, LE, ACTH, FSH, MSH, ADH and Oxytocin.
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What are the TWO hormones STORED in the Posterior Pituitary?
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ADH and Oxytocin.
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What are the TWO hormones secreted from the Thyroid?
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Thyroxine and Calcitonin?
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What is secreted from the Parathyroid gland?
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Parathyroid Hormone (Increasing Blood Calcium)
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What is Secreted by the Thymus Gland?
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Thymosin (Regulating T- cells, and Immunity)
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What THREE hormones are secreted by the Adrenal Cortex?
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Androgens, Mineralocorticoids (Aldosterone) Glucocorticoids (Cortisol)
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What TWO hormones are secreted by the Adrenal Medulla?
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Epinephrine and Norepinephrine.
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What THREE hormones are secreted by the Kidneys?
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Renin, EPO and Calcitrol.
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What Hormone is Secreted by the Heart?
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ANP (Atriel Naturetic Peptide) |
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What TWO hormones are stimulated by the Pancreas?
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Insulin and Glucagon.
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What TWO Hormones are secreted by the Testes?
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Testosterone and Inhibin.
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What are the THREE Hormones secreted by the ovaries?
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Estrogen, Inhibin and Progesterone.
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What is the ONLY Hormone secreted by the Pineal Gland?
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Melatonin.
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What does Prolactin do?
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Stimulate breast milk production.
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What does Leutinizing hormone do?
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Stimulate the interstitial fluid of the testes and ovaries.
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What does ACTH do?
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Stimulates the Adrenal Cortex.
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What does FSH do?
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Stimulates egg production in ovaries and sperm.
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What does MSH do?
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Stimulates melanocytes (Skin Tone)
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What does Oxytocin do?
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Stimulates Labor Contraction, prostate contraction and milk letdown.
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What does Thyroxin do?
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Stimulates Metabolism
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What does Calcitonin do?
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Reduce blood Calcium
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What does Parathyroid Hormone do?
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Increases blood calcium.
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What does Thymosin do?
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Regulates T-Cells (Immunity)
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What do Mineralocorticoids do?
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Regulates Sodium and Potassium (Aldosterone)
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What do Glucocorticoids do?
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Increasing blood glucose, release anti-inflamitory causing vaso constriction.
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What does Calcitrol do?
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Regulates Calcium in blood with the help of Vitimin D
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What does Insulin do?
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Decrease blood glucose levels
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What does Glucagon do?
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Decrease blood glucose levels.
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What does Progesterone do?
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Maintaining uterine wall and movement of egg, and maintains pregnancy until placenta takes over.
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What does Melatonin do?
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Establishes sleep/wake cycles.
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Hypothalamus hormones |
1.corticortropin-releasing hormone CRH 2. tryrotropin-releasing hormone THS 3. growth hormone-releasing hormone GH-RH 4. growth hormone-inhibiting hormone GH-IH 5. prolactin-inhibing hormone PIH 6. prolactin-releasing factor PRF 7. gonadopropin-releasing hormone GnRH |
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pituitary (hypophysis) hormones posterior lobe (neurohypophysis_ |
1. antidiuretic hormone ADH 2. oxytocin OXT |
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pituitary (hypophysis) hormones anterior lobe (adenohypophysis) |
1. thyroid-stimulating hormone TSH 2. adrenocorticotropic hormone ACTH 3. gonadotropins (follicle-stimulating hormone FSH and luteninizing hormone LH) 4. growth hormone GH 5. prolactin PRL 6. mylanocyte-stimulating hormone MSH |
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thyroid hormones |
calcitonin CT thyroxine T4 triidothyronine T3 |
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parathyroid hormones |
parathyroid hormone PTH |
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adrenal hormones |
from cortex 1. aldosterone 2. cortisol 3. androgens from medulla 1. epinephrine E 2. norepinephrine NE |
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pancreas hormones |
1. glucagon GL 2. insulin 3. growth hormone-inhibiting hormone GH-IH |
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pineal gland hormone |
melatonin |
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tropic hormone |
a hormone that stimulates and supports other endocrine glands. stimulating, releasing and inhibiting hormones. Anterior pituitary Tropic hormones from the anterior pituitary include: * Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH or thyrotropin) – stimulates the thyroid gland to make and release thyroid hormone.* Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH or corticotropin) – stimulates the adrenal cortex to release glucocorticoids. * Luteinizing hormone (LH) – stimulates the release of steroid hormones in gonads—the ovary and testes. * Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) – stimulates the maturation of eggs and production of sperm * Hypothalamus |
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negative feedback |
thyroid releasing hormone from the hypothalamus stimulates the pituitary to release thyroid stimulating hormone into the bloodstream, which stimulates thyroid follicular cells to add iodine to the amino-acid component of thyroglobulin. once converted T3 & T4 are released into the blood to be used as needed. T3 & T4 make their way back to the hypothalamus telling it to stop releasing TRH, which stops the pituitary from releasing TSH shutting down the cycle. |
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paracrine secretions |
1. denoting a type of hormone function in which hormone synthesized in and released from endocrine cells binds to its receptor in nearby cells and affects their function. 2. denoting the secretion of a hormone by an organ other than an endocrine gland. |
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alpha cells of pancreas |
produce and secrete glucagon which elevates glucose levels in the blood |
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beta cells of pancreas |
store and release insulin which reduces glucose levels in the blood |
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delta cells of the pancreas |
secrete somatostatin which inhibits the secretion of both insulin and glucagon |