Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Bile
|
Mixture of bile salts, water, pigments, cholesterol and lecithin produced in liver and stored in gall bladder. Emulsifies fats for absorption in small intestine
|
|
Brush Border
|
Microvilli on surface of small intestine epithelial cells. Provide a huge surface area for nutrient absorption
|
|
Chylomicron
|
Triglycerides bound to proteins that are exocytosed from intestinal epithelial cells and picked up by lymphatic vessels
|
|
Chyme
|
Semiliquid mass of partially digested food. Released from stomach into duodenum of small intestine.
|
|
Colon
|
Most of the large intestine. Absorbs most of the remaining water and nutrients in food passing through. Stores waste until it can be eliminated
|
|
Crown
|
Part of tooth visible above the gum line
|
|
Enamel
|
Made of calcium deposits. Covers surface of teeth. Hardest substance in the human body.
|
|
Gingiva
|
gums
|
|
Hepatic Portal System
|
System of blood vessels connecting the digestive organs to the liver
|
|
Liver
|
organ that produces bile and serves a number of other metabolic and regulatory functions
|
|
Micelle
|
Small droplet of bile salts and lecithin with fatty acids and monoglycerides from food. Provide a means for lipids to be absorbed in small intestine
|
|
Pancreas
|
Organ located behind stomach. Secretes digestive enzymes and bicarbonate into the small intestine. Also makes insulin and glucagon
|
|
Peristalsis
|
Progressive wavelike contractions of muscle in a tubular structure. Moves food through digestive tract
|
|
Root
|
Part of tooth below the gum line
|
|
Saliva
|
Liquid that helps digest food in mouth via amylase and binds food into a bolus with mucins. Made in salivary glands located at the back of the mouth (Parotid gland) and under the tongue (Sublingual and submandibular glands).
|
|
Small Intestine
|
Primary organ of digestion and nutrient absorption. Three main regions
|
|
Duodenum
|
The first part of small intestine. Receives chyme from stomach through the pyloric sphincter. Receives many digestive enzymes from liver and pancreas
|
|
Ileum + Jejunum
|
Rest of small intestine. Primary site of nutrient absorption
|
|
Sphincter
|
Ring of muscle around a hollow tube or duct that functions to restrict passage of materials
|
|
Stomach
|
Gastrointestinal tract organ where food is initially stored and where digestion begins
|
|
Serosa
|
Outer layer of connective tissue
|
|
Muscularis
|
Smooth muscle layers below serosa that move stomach to aid in digestion
|
|
Submucosa
|
Contains nerves in stomach that control digestion
|
|
Mucosa
|
Glandular epithelium that faces inside of stomach. Produces Gastric Fluid - a mixture of mucus, Hydrochloric Acid and Pepsinogen that helps digest food and kills pathogens
|
|
Bladder
|
stores urine to be excreted
|
|
Kidneys
|
produce urine. Remove excess water and waste solutes. Also perform several important metabolic functions.
|
|
Nephron
|
Structural and functional unit of the kidney. Consists of the renal tubule and the blood vessels that supply it. Are about 1 million/kidney.
|
|
Glomerulus
|
Cluster of capillaries inside glomerular capsule. Filtrate begins process of urine formation
|
|
Proximal Tubule
|
starts at glomerulus and ends at renal medulla. Site of most tubular reabsorption in kidney
|
|
Loop of Henle
|
Hairpin shaped loop that extends into the medulla – consists of descending and ascending loops.
|
|
Distal Tubule
|
portion of tubule after loop of Henle passes glomerulus. Main site of tubular secretion.
|
|
Collecting Duct
|
connects nephrons to renal pelvis, where urine is deposited before going to bladder
|
|
Afferent Arteriole
|
enters and forms capillaries of glomerulus. Plasma from these capillaries begins process of urine formation
|
|
Efferent Arteriole
|
filtered blood away from glomerulus
|
|
Peritubular Capillaries
|
Surround nephron tubules and remove excess water and solutes
|
|
Vasa Recta
|
vessels that supply the Loop of Henle and collecting duct
|
|
Ureter
|
One of two tubes that transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder
|
|
Urethra
|
Tube through which urine passes from the bladder out of the body.
|
|
Acrosome
|
Head of sperm cell. Contains enzymes that allow sperm to penetrate egg
|
|
Corpus Luteum
|
Structure that develops from cells of a ruptured ovarian follicle. Secretes progesterone and estrogen. Degenerates if the released egg is not fertilized
|
|
Fertilization
|
Union of sperm and egg creating a zygote
|
|
Follicle
|
Ovarian structure consisting of a developing egg surrounded by one or more layers of supporting granulose cells
|
|
Gametes
|
Haploid germ cells. Egg and sperm
|
|
Inner Cell Mass
|
Cluster of cells in zygote that become the embryo. Other cells become the extraembryonic membranes.
|
|
Oocyte
|
Immature egg in female ovary or a newly released egg. Passes on female DNA to offspring.
|
|
Oogenesis
|
process of making oocytes
|
|
Primary Germ layers
|
Three cell layers that form all of the tissues of organism
|
|
Ectoderm
|
Forms skin and its derivatives, and the nervous system
|
|
Mesoderm
|
Forms the skeleton and muscles
|
|
Endoderm
|
Forms lining of digestive tube and some internal organs
|
|
Sperm
|
Male reproductive cell. Passes on male DNA to offspring
|
|
Spermatogenesis
|
Process of making sperm cells
|
|
Stem Cell
|
Cells that have not yet differentiated. Can reproduce indefinitely and form one or more types of cells
|
|
Zygote
|
Diploid cell formed by union of sperm and egg
|