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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Classification of conventional HP |
According to waterhead ways * Dam-type HP * Run-off river HP * Diversion canal type HP |
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Dam-type HP |
A reservoir created by dam is used to collect water or for storage of water
Characteristics - Located in valley - Very high water head *- Very short penstocks *- Small head loss - Large people need to be migrated - Flood disaster - Power Station is located at the non-spillway section. |
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Run-off river HP |
A type of HP whereby little or no water storage is provided.
Characteristics * Located in flat areas. * very small water head * Upstream wall are thick to resist water pressure. ** Avoid flooding of farmlands |
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Pressure diversion canal-type HP |
* Flat terrain * Small water head * Small water inflow ** Not economical * Water in penstock is under pressure |
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Non-Pressure diversion canal-type HP |
* Economic cost is expensive * A small pool of water, called the forebay is constructed at the end of the canal |
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How to distinguish pressure and non-pressure diversion canal-type |
If there is an open diversion channel in front of the water intake, the HP is non- pressure diversion. Otherwise, it's pressure diversion canal-type |
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Function of water intake |
To divert water into the waterway, which conveys water flow to the power plant in a controlled manner. |
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Components of water intake |
* Trash rack: To prevent floating rubbish from entering the waterway. *Intake gate: To cut the water flow * Cleaning machine: To remove rubbish from the water intake |
T I C |
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Requirements for the design of water intake |
● Water intake should be placed in the reasonable position and have reasonable elevation and size to ensure water flows smoothly to inlet ● Prevent rubbish from entering into the water intake ● Prevent sediment from entering into the water intake. ● Prevent floating ice from entering into the water intake. ● Install two gates in front of the water intake to regulate flow and accident maintenance. |
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Types of water intake |
• Pressure water intake - Below water level - Apply in pressure diversion canal type
• Non pressure water intake - On the of water surface. - Apply in non-pressure diversion canal type |
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Type of Pressure water intake |
● Tunnel type (......rock foundation) - Suitable in strong rock - Not suitable in loose rock- (Disadvantage)
● Bank slope:Entrance gate section lean on mountain - No solid geology - Suitable in no strong rock - The rise and fall of gate take a lot of power( Disad.) - Gate are tilted
● Water tower type - Weak rock and loose geology - The water tower has to be strong enough to resist impacts of wind and earthquakes (Disad.)
● Dam type - Only suitable in concrete dam - Not Suitable for other dams(Disad.)
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Size of Pressure water intake |
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Major equipment of Pressure water intake |
• Trash rack: To prevent floatitng rubbish from entering into the water intake. • Cleaning machine: To clean the rubbish. • Gantry crane: To lift or put down the gate • Intake gate: To cut off the discharge. • Bypass pipe: To balance the water pressure between the front and back of the gate . • Spiracle: To remove air from the pressure penstock. |
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How do we operate the gate and bypass pipe when: |
● We open the intake * Open the bypass pipe until the water Pressure is same in front and back of gate * Open the gate * Close the bypass pipe
● We close the intake * Open the bypass pipe until the water Pressure is same in front and back of gate * Close the gate * Close the bypass pipe
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Major equipment of Non- Pressure water intake |
• Desilting basin: To stop rubbish and sediments • Forbay: To steady water Pressure and distribute water flow . • Daily regulation pond: To uniform distribution of water flow and store excess discharge water |
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Design diversion canal |
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F R A X C m |
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Design the water intake |
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