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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Industrial Hygiene is the ___, ___, ___, and ___ of environmental factors in workplace that impair health/well-being
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1. anticipation
2. recognition 3. evaluation 4. control |
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What is NIOSH
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National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
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Every day in the U.S, how many workers:
a. injure b. die (on job) c. die (work-related) |
a. 9000
b. 16 c. 137 |
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Father of industrial hygiene?
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Bernardino Ramazzini
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Who is responsible for jump-starting workers' health and safety, early 1900s ??
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Dr. Alice Hamilton
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2 major legislative milestones in modern times..
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- Federal Coal Mine Safety and Health Act 1969
- Occupational Safety and Health Act 1970 |
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The 4 types of hazards are..
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1. Chemical
2. Physical 3. Biological 4. Ergonomic |
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The 4 components of Industrial Hygiene are:
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1. anticipation - during product/machine design
2. recognition - look for neg. health effects of product/workspace 3. evaluation - risk mgmt., regulations compliance, safe practices 4. control - engineering, administrative, process, PPE |
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2 types of nanotubes:
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SWNT - single-walled nanotube
MWNT - multi-walled nanotube |
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A few examples of nanotube application:
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wound dressing (gauze)
cosmetics metal-cutting tools dental cement |
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Positive/Negative health effects of nanotubes:
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Positive: medical applications, research
Negative: - easy uptake through skin - interacts w/ organelles - not detected by immune system |
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Nanotube safety at FSU
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containment
limited access training req'd to handle dispose as hazardous waste |
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The 4th component of IH is 'control' ... what are 4 methods of 'controlling' the work environment ?
- Example of each |
1. Engineering - use safer chemicals for same result
2. Process - cover/enclose dangerous areas 3. Administrative - protocol implementation 4. PPE - safety goggles, gloves, etc. |
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Who employs Industrial Hygienists? (a few examples)
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hospitals
universities public utilities labor unions insurance companies consulting firms government agencies |
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The exposure limits for air contaminants are PEL and REL.
What do they stand for, and what agency do they belong to? |
PEL - permissible exposure limit (OSHA)
REL - recommended exposure limit (NIOSH) |
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What tests can be used for biological monitoring ??
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- Blood: lead, mercury, cadmium
- Urine: styrene - Lung function test - Hearing test |
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What is IAQ ??
- 4 components |
Indoor Air Quality:
- airborne pollutants - proportion of outdoor air - temperature - humidity |
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How do concerns over IAQ arise?
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complaints of symptoms (coughing, sneezing, sore throat, etc.) while in building, but often subside after employee leaves
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What is the definition of "acceptable indoor air quality" ?
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no contaminates, 80% of people do not express dissatisfaction
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3 "building-related" illnesses:
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1. asthma
2. allergies 3. legionnaire's disease |
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How do animal dander and third-hand smoke affect IAQ?
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animal dander and smoke can be brought into buildings on people's clothing, contributing to poor air quality
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What are psychosocial stressors?
- examples? |
social factors at work that can cause psychological distress
- relations w/ other workers - job security - job satisfaction |
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What considerations are made in determining if a building is to blame for adverse health effects?
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1. Localized or Widespread
2. Symptoms 3. Timing 4. Who is involved 5. Unusual activities |
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What are 3 visual signs of bad IAQ?
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- water damage
- mold growth - lingering odors |
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What physical measurements can be taken for IAQ ?
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- temperature
- humidity - CO2 - CO - other contaminates |
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What is the recommended temperature/humidity for IAQ during summer and winter?
- Temp should be (higher/lower) when humidity is elevated? |
summer: 74-82 deg @ 30-60% humidity
winter: 68-78 deg @ 30-60% humidity - colder temps when humidity is high |
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What is the optimum zone for relative humidity of indoor air?
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40-60%
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What is the outdoor CO2 concentration, and at what indoor concentration do people become symptomatic?
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Outdoor: 350
Indoor symptoms: 1000+ |
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When measured, Diffenbaugh Building had CO2 measured on all 4 floors. What were the results?
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Max: 2000 (ground)
Min: 1400 (4th floor) |
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2 sources of hydrogen sulfide gas contamination of indoor air:
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1. sewer gas
2. chinese drywall |
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What is Asbestos?
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a group of naturally occurring minerals, invisible to naked eye, insoluble and aerodynamic
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Asbestos-related diseases:
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- asbestosis
- mesothelioma - lung cancer |
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What % of pre-1980 homes contains asbestos?
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90%
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2 common uses of asbestos:
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heat-insulation
material-strengthening (construction) |
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Asbestos is still used today in:
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- brake pads
- roofing material - vinyl tiles - corrugated sheeting |
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What are friable & non-friable asbestos materials?
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friable: products that readily release asbestos fibers
non-friable: do not release asbestos fiber |
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Common places to find asbestos around FSU:
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drywall
pipe insulation heat shields for lights fume hood liners lab bench-tops |
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Potential for asbestos-related disease depends on:
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- amount inhaled
- length of exposure - smoker/non-smoker - age |
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What causes asbestos-containing materials (ACMs) to become dangerous?
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- water damage
- physical damage - vibrations |
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The base/tip of ear's cochlea is sensitive to low/high frequency sound?
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- Base = high freq
- Tip = low freq |
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A few examples of harmful effects of noise:
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post-work irritability
anxiety depression accidents |
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4 types of hearing loss:
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1. Conductive: low freq loss
2. Sensorineural : high freq loss 3. Mixed: conductive and sensorineural 4. Central: complete loss due to brain problem |
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Which type of hearing loss is a result of noise damage?
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Sensorineural
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common causes of hearing loss:
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aging
wax build-up head injury |
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What part of the ear is damaged in noise-induced hearing loss?
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hair cells
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High/Low frequency noise is more damaging
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High
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What is the maximum level of sound allowed for an 8-hour workday?
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90 dB
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What are 2 "engineering controls" for noise reduction
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replace or repair loud machines
soundproofing |
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What are 2 "administrative controls" for noise reduction
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job rotation
production schedules |