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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Coronal Plane
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yields a front and back piece
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Sagittal Plane
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yields a left and right piece
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Horizontal Plane
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yields a top and bottom piece
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The 4/5 anatomical lobes
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Frontal, Parietal, Occipital, Temporal, and (limbic)
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Central Sulcus
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separates the frontal and parietal lobe
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Lateral Sulcus (Sylvian fissure)
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separates the frontal/parietal lobe with the temporal lobe. It's particularly deep (deep sulci are called fissures)
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parietooccipial sulcus
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separates the parietal and occipital lobes (seen in the medial view)
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Gyrus
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a ridge in the brain
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Sulcus
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a groove between the ridges
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Corpus Callosum
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a bundle of axons joining the two cerebral hemispheres together
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Major fossae of the cranial cavity
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anterior cranial fossa (holds the frontal lobe),
middle cranial fossa (holds the temporal lobe)... deeper posterior cranial fossa (holds the cerebellum and brianstem)...largest and deepest |
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Tentorium cerebelli
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an infolding of dura. creates a tent over cerebellum.
separates the occipital lobe (above) from the cerebellum (below) |
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Anterior Cranial Fossa (bones)
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Frontal bone (red)
Ethmoid bone (green) Sphenoid bone (yellow) |
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Middle cranial fossa (bones)
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Sphenoid bone (yellow)
Temporal bone (green) |
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Posterior cranial fossa (bones)
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Sphenoid bone (yellow)
Temporal bone (green) Occipital bone (blue) |
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Cerebral Cortex
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the layers of neurons that reside along the outer surface of the cerebrum. Most of the human cortex is a six layer cortex (neocortex) (each layer is a neuron), numbered from the outside (pial surface) in.
"gray matter" -->(6 layers) neuronal cell bodies (outside... some subcortical). Stains purple via Nissl stain. "white matter" -->where the (myelinated fatty) axons reside (inside) |
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Corona radiata (specific white matter region)
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radiating white matter immediately deep to the cortex that fans out like a "crown"
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Internal capsule (Specific white matter region)
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-deep to the corona radiata
-deep white matter tracts that course between nuclei of the basal ganglia and thalamus |
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The five anatomical regions of the internal capsule
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-Anterior limb
-Posterior limb -Genu ("at the bend") -Retrolenticular -Sublenticular |
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Organization of the cerebral cortex
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- the cerebral cortex is highly organized
- information is first processed in primary sensory cortices and then travels to association cortices (higher order cortical areas) where integration occurs. |
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Diencephalon (includes)
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epithalamus, thalamus, hypothalamus
and subthalamus. |
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Thalamus
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-bilateral and highly organized
-comprised of many nuclei -"gateway" to the cerebral cortex: majority of sensory and motor pathways relay through the thalamus before reaching the cerebral cortex. -many cortical regions also send projections back to the thalamus. |
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Hypothalamus
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-Important in maintaining the internal environment in a physiological range (promotes maintenance of homeostasis).
-Like the thalamus, the hypothalamus is comprises of many different nuclei, each with a specific function. |
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Cerebellum
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-The cerebellum receives extensive sensory input
-The cerebellum projects to subcortical structures and (indirectly) to cortical regions. -The cerebellum influences motor, cognitive and behavioral functions. |
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Brainstem
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Three divisions: Midbrain (most rostral) ,Pons, Medulla (most caudal)
-a lot of nuclei -White matter tracts also travel through the brainstem (ie. from the spinal cord to the cerebral cortex). |
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Spinal cord
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-The rostral spinal cord is continuous with the brainstem at the caudal medulla
-Spinal nerves emerge from the spinal cord to form peripheral nerves that carry sensory/motor information to/from the CNS. |
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Ipsilateral (homolateral)
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same side (red/green)
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Contralateral
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opposite side (red/green)
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Bilateral
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both sides (two green)
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The Ventricles
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A series of continuous
spaces deep in the brain that contain cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) © Lateral ventricle (2) © 3rd ventricle (1) - the space between the right and left thalamus (holds spinal fluid) © Cerebral aqueduct (1) -between the midbrain © 4th ventricle (1) - posterior to the pons, anterior to the cerebellum © Central canal of the spinal cord (1) |
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Layers of Meninges
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Dura Mater (yellow)- external meningeal layer. Thick.
Arachnoid (green)- cover the general surface of the brain. Intermediate meningeal layer. Thin membrane. Pia Mater (red)- internal meningeal layer. Adheres to surface of brain; the only layer to dip in sulci. |