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89 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Explain persistence of vision
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the human brain retains a visual imprint for a fraction of a second, so the continuous projection of still images appear to be an image of a single movement= the phi phenommenon
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Cinematography
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motion-picture photography... writing in movement
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shot
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continuous point of view or image that does not break, change, or cut to another point of view or image
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point of view
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the position from which something is filmed
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subjective point of view
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re-creates the perspective of a character
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objective point of view
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represents the more impersonal perspective of the camera
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framing
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contains, limits, and directs the point of view
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canted frame
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framing that appears unbalanced or askew
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depth of field
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range or distance before and behind the main focus
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film stock
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unexposed film consisting of a flexible backing or base and a light-sensitive emulsion
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gauge
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describes the width of film stock
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film speed
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the rate at which moving images are recorded
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Technicolor
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color processing that uses 3 strips of film to transfer colors directly onto a single image
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camera lens
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the piece of curved glass that redirects light rays in order to focus and shape images
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focal length
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the distance from the center of the lens to the point where light rays meet in sharp focus
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wide-angle lens
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lens less than 35mm in focal length, allows cinematographers to explore a depth of field that could show different visual planes simultaneously
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widescreen processes
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changed the film's aspect ratio by dramatically widening it
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telephoto lens
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lens with a focal length of at least 75mm and capable of magnifying and flattening distant objects
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steadicam
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camera stabilization device that allows the operator to make smooth, rapid movements
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aspect ratio
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describes the width and height of the film frame as it appears on a movie screen or TV monitor.
-academy ratio= 1:33:1 -US widescreen ratio= 1:85:1 |
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letterboxed
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blocking off the top and bottom strips of the TV frame to accommodate a smaller version of the widescreen image
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masks
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attachments to the camera that cut off portions of the frame so that part of the image is black
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iris shot
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masks the frame so that only a small circular piece of the image is seen
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onscreen space vs offscreen space
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Onscreen space refers to the space visible in the frame of an image, while offscreen space is the implied space that exists outside the image
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overhead shot
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aka crane shot, depicts the action or subject from high above
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point-of-view shots
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defined as shots that re-create the perspective of a character
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shallow focus
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narrow range of field is focused
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rack focus
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the focus shifts rapidly from one object to another
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reframing
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the movement of the frame from one position to another within a single continuous shot
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pan
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moves the frame from side to side w/ out changing the position or axis of the camera
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traveling shot
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tracking shot-changes the position of the p of v by moving forward or backward or around the subject
dolly shot-camera is moved on a dolly |
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parallelism
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occurs when the soundtrack and image "say the same thing"
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counterpoint sound
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when two different meanings are implied by these elements
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source music
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diegetic music, like the shot of a band playing at a party
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semi-diegetic sound/ internal diegetic sound
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thoughts of a character spoken aloud
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looping
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recording on a loop of film that is replayed and layered, filling in the sound and exceeding realistic reproduction
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sound designer
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plans and directs te overall sound through to the final mix
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direct sound
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sound captured directly from its source
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reflected sound
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captured sounds that bounce from the walls and sets, usually to give some sense of space
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sound recordist/ production mixer
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combines these different sources during filming, adjusting their relative volume or balance
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sound editing
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interacts with the image track to create rhythmic relationships, establish connections between sound and onscreen sources, and smooth or mark trasitions
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sound bridge
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when a sound carries over a visual transition in a film
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spotting
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when the directer consults with the composer and the picture and sound editiors to determine where music and effects will be added
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postsynchronous sound
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recorded after the fact and then synchronized with onscreen sources, often preferrred to the dialogue used in the final mix
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automated dialogue replacement (ADR)
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actors watch the film footage and re-record their lines to be dubbed into the soundtrack
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room tone
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the aural properties of a location when nothing is happening
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sound perspective
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refers to the apparent distance of a sound source
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overlapping dialogue
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mixing characters' speech simultaneously
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talking heads
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on camera interviews usually shot in medium close-up
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sychronization
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visible coordination of the voice with the body from which it is emanating
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background music/ underscoring
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music underscores what is happening dramatically
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cue
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a piece of music composed for a particular place in a film
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motives
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themes assigned to particular figures
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click track
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hole punched in the film to keep the beat of te action
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invisibility
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refers to the predominance of nondiegetic music and to the fact that the technical apparatus that produces film music is never seen
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inaudibility
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dictates that conscious attention shouldn't be paid to the score
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narrative cueing
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refers to how music tells us what is happening in the plot
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stingers
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sounds that force us to notce the significance of something onscreen
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mickey-mousing
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over illustrating the action through the score, such as accompanying a character walking on tip-toe with plucked strings
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music supervisor
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selects and secures the rights for songs to be used in films
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sound continuity
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describes the range of scoring, sound recoording, mixing, and playback processes that strive for the unification of meaning and experience by subordinating sound to the aims of the narrative
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diegisis of film
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story world of the film, including all that occurs in the film and all that could possibly occur
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diegetic sound
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emerges fromt the story world of the film
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non-diegetic sound
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soundtrack music that the characters cannot hear
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sound designers
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manipulate both sound and silence
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tambour
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sound quality
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shot
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a continuous length of film
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in-camera editing
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stop the film in the camera and resume after rearranging the mise-en-scene
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shooting ratio
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length of film shot and that which is used in the finished proect
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coverage
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ensuring that a number of shots of a particular scene are take from different angles and distances
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master shot
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continuous shot of the scen's entire action
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storyboards
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laid out each scene shot-by-shot
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dailies
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each days shooting
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takes
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filmed versions of each shot
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post-production
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editor begins to assemble the selected takes of a shot into a rough cut
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rough cut
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juxtaposing one shot with the next and shaping these linkages into larger units that may correspond to narrative sections
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splice
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physical join in the film
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work print
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material the editor works with
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cut
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the break and common border that seperate 2 shots from 2 different pieces of film
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crosscutting
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cuts back and forth between actions in seperate spaces
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parallel editing
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alternating beween two or more strands of simultaneous action
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motage
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the french word for editing that has come to signify a style emphasizing the breaks and contrasts between images joined by a cut
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verisimiltude
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the quality of fictional representations athat allows the readers of viewers to accept a consturcted world, its events its characters
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continuity editing
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a system that uses cuts and other transitions to estalish verisimiltude and to tell stories efficiently
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nondiegetic insert
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insert that breaks continuity
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overlapping editing
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we are shown 2 shots of the same action
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eyeline match
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character is looking at ina a screen position that matches the gaze
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reaction shots
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depict a character's reponse to something that viewers also see
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continuity style
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refers to an even broader array of technical choices that support this principle of effacing technique to clarify the narrative and its human motivation
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