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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
what is the calcarine sulcus |
its the fissure that defines the primary visual cortex |
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what is retinotopic organization |
each spot in the retina has a relative part of the visual cortex associated with it |
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what is transduction |
conversion of a physical stimulus into an electrical impulse |
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what is the pathway that a stimulus travels |
retina, optical chiasm, thalamus, v1, v2/association cortex |
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what is sensory adaption |
its when your body decreases response to a stimulus, fires less to repeated exposure for example when you go into a dark room your eyes adjust |
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what is sensitization |
when your body becomes more sensitive in response to repeated exposure |
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absolute threshold |
it when you are able to detect something 50 % of the time due to specific stimuli level of intensity |
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subliminal threshold |
is below absolute threshold, detect less than 50% of the time, doesnt have an effect on our conciousness |
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subconcious |
we can detect it however we are not paying attention to it , can influence our decision ie french music when your buying wine will make you buy french wine |
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whats weber's law |
large intensity of stimulus requires large change in order for change to be detected (change is proportional to the amount of stimulis) |
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difference threshold |
minimum change needed in order for it to be noticeable |
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just noticeable difference |
minimum change needed in order to be detectable by 50% of the population |
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psychophysics |
perceiving sensory info based on physical characteristics |
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signal detection theory |
describes our uncertainty in stimuli 1)true positive 2)true negative 3) false positive (suggests sensitivity) 4) false negative (suggest specificity) |
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what are the processes involved in parrallel processesing |
top down (analyzing based on experience and expectations bottom up (detection of stimulus) |
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whats a perceptual set |
perceptual set is how our expectations will influence our perception |
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perceptual constancy |
able to perceive objects even with different shapes, sizes, colours, angles |
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illusion |
its when our perception varies from reality |
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clustering illusion |
we detect pattern in things that are actually random |
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gestalt theory |
we detect world as a whole not as individual pieces |
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law of pragnanz |
suggests that we build the simplest recongnizable form through the following principles 1) proximity (thinks close to eachother are seen as overall wholes 2)similarity ( thinks that are similar to eachother are seen as wholes) 3)continuity (we detect objects as a whole dispite obstructions) 4)closure (when parts are missing are brain closes the gaps) 5)symmetry: we like symmetrical things and are seen as wholes 6) figure ground: can differentiate central focus from background |
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what are the 2 types of processing streams |
1) dorsal associated with parietal lobe (involved with spatial awareness) 2) ventral stream associated with temporal lobe (involved in detection of objects "what is it") |
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types of issues with visual system |
blind sight anosognosia prosopagnosia motion blindness visual agnosia |
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whats blind sight |
when the V1 system is blocked so theres no way for stimulus info to get to V2, however suggested that info gets to V2 through alternative pathway because people with blindsight can navigate through an obstical course, other senses may be heightened |
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anosognosia |
no self awareness, dont realise that you have trouble seeing |
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prosopgnosia |
cant identify faces, damage to ventral stream |
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visual agnosia |
unable to recognize objects |
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how is sensation determined |
sensation is determined by the type of receptor that gets activated not the stimulus ex if you touch receptor in the eye (visual) it will cause colour to appear even though stimulus was touch |
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McGurk effect what is it |
more than one sensory region in the brain is activated during one stimulus ex processing spoken language activates both auditory and visual regions of the brain |
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how do you explain the "ba", "da"= "da" phenomena |
Mcgurk effect vision processesing ba auditory is processing da perception is a combination between athe 2 known as ga |
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what is synesthesia |
cross modal of sensation wherein people will associate a colour with a taste, proven true because can see in brain imaging that the region in brain for taste actually gets activated when individual sees a specific colour |
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what is meant by selective attention |
our brain is able to focus on what it deems most important for the situation, allowing us to ignore other irrelevant things |
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Filter theory of attention:
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we have a mental filter that tells us what topay attention to stimuli and ignore others. Tested this by telling people toignore message from one ear and pay attention to the other. Result is that people tend to still process things they arenot paying attention to at some level. The filter is much more complex thenon/off switch our brains are programmed to be more attuned to things that arerelevant to us personally (ex if your in a crowded room youll hear your name bcyour attuned to relevant things)
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In attentional blindness:
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when your focused on something your likely tomiss stimuli in blain sight ( ex "focus on white t shirt players playingbasketball, youll fail to notice the bear passing by"
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how is our brain able to process things so fast!? |
because it processes things in parrellel meaning many regions are working at the same time |
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what are simple cells |
specific neurons that fire to stimulus in specific orientation/location of our visual fields |
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complex cells |
respond to stimuli only in specific orientation of the |
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top down vs bottom up processing |
top down draws on past experiences and expectations bottom up is basic perception of raw stimulus |
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joihou |
jgj |