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92 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is a computer network?
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-two or more computers connected
--so that they can communicate with each other and share information, software, peripheral devices, and/or processing power |
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Describe four principles of networks
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1. must have a network interface card
2. must have a connecting device (router, hub, etc) 3. must have communication media (cable, wifi) 4. must have networking software (network operating system) |
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What is a network interface card (NIC)?
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*an expansion card or PC card that connects your computer to a network
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What is the most common type of network interface card?
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Ethernet Card
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Describe the role of communications media in a computer network
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*transferring information between a computer and a computer network
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What are examples of wireless communications media?
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-WiFi (Wireless Fidelity)
-Bluetooth |
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What are examples of wired communications media?
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-Cat 5 (Category 5) cable
-Coaxial Cable |
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How is a DSL Internet connection different from a Dial Up connection?
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-higher bandwidth
-CAN use the phone while on the internet |
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List the three types of networks
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-Local Area Network (LAN)
-Wide Area Network (WAN) -Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) |
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Network that serves a building or buildings in a contiguous area is a _________
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Local Area Network (LAN)
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A set of connected networks serving areas not immediately contiguous is a __________
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Wide Area Network (WAN)
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A set of connected networks within the same city or metropolitan area but not in immediate proximity to each other is a ________
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Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
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Local Area Network (LAN)
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-Smallest network
-home or 1 office building Example: College of Business network |
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Wide Area Network (WAN)
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-Largest
Example: Internet |
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Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
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-Medium sized
Example: Banks in Tallahassee |
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What is bandwidth?
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*amount of information that can be transferred in a given amount of time
-Usually expressed as bits per second (bps) --Higher bandwidth can be expressed as Kbps, Mbps, or Gbps |
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What is a Hub?
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*device that connects computers together and pass messages by repeating all network transmissions to EVERY connected computer
-Every message is sent to EVERY connected computer |
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What is a Router?
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*device to connect computers together to share Internet service, hardware devices, and software in a home or small office
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What is a Switch?
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*device that connects computers and repeats transmissions only to INTENDED recipient
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What is the main difference between a hub and a switch?
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-SWITCH sends message to 1
-HUB sends message to ALL |
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What impact does Frame Relay have on a metropolitan area network (MAN)?
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-Reduces the amount of lines that connect buildings
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What is electronic commerce?
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*commerce, but it is commerce accelerated and enhanced by IT
-Build powerful new relationships with customers, suppliers, and partners |
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What are the 2 most prominent e-commerce business models?
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-Business to Business (B2B)
-Business to Consumer (B2C) |
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What are the four main e-commerce business models?
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-B2B
-B2C -C2B -C2C |
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What is the systems development life cycle (SDLC)?
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*structured step-by-step approach for developing information systems
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What are the seven steps in the SDLC?
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1. Planning
2. Analysis 3. Design 4. Development 5. Testing 6. Implementation 7. Maintenance |
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What are the primary activities for Phase 1: Planning?
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1. Define the system to be developed
2. Set the project scope 3. Develop the detailed project plan including tasks, resources, and timeframes |
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What are the primary activities for Phase 2: Analysis?
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1. Gather the business requirements
2. Prioritize the requirements |
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What are the primary activities for Phase 3: Design?
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1. Design the technical architecture
2. Design system models |
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What are the primary activities for Phase 4: Development?
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1. Build the technical architecture
2. Build the database and programs |
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What are the primary activities for Phase 5: Testing?
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1. Write the test conditions
2. Perform the testing of the system |
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What are the primary activities for Phase 6: Implementation?
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1. Write detailed user documentation
2. Provide training for the system users (e.g., online training, workshop training) |
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What are the primary activities for Phase 7: Maintenance
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1. Build a help desk to support the system users
2. Provide an environment to support system changes |
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What is the Planning phase?
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*involves determining a solid plan for developing a new system
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What is the Analysis phase?
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*involves end users and IT specialists working together to gather, understand, and document the business requirements for the proposed system
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What is the Design phase?
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*build a technical blueprint of how the proposed system will work
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What is the Development phase?
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*take all of your detailed design documents from the design phase and transform them into an actual system
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What is the Testing phase?
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*verifies that the system works and meets all of the business requirements defined in the analysis phase
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What is the Implementation phase?
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*distribute the system to all of the knowledge workers and they begin using the system to perform their everyday jobs
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What is the Maintenance phase?
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*monitor and support the new system to ensure it continues to meet the business goals
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What is a Critical success factor (CSF)?
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*a factor critical to your organization’s success
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Describe how a critical success factor can be used in SDLC
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-Used in the planning phase
-Allow the company to strategically decide which system to develop |
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Setting the project scope can help you avoid two problems. What are the two problems?
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avoiding:
-scope creep -feature creep |
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When does a Scope Creep occur?
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*occurs when the scope of the project increases beyond its original intentions
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When does a Feature Creep occur?
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*occurs when developers add extra features that were not part of the initial requirements
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How does a project plan help the project manager do his/her job?
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-defines the what, when, and who questions of system development including all activities to be performed, the individuals, or resources, who will perform the activities, and the time required to complete each activity
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In what step in the SDLC do you define business requirements?
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Analysis
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How do you define business requirements?
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*you must talk to everyone that has a claim; similar to an investigation
-uses a joint application development |
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Will a project be successful if you miss business requirements?
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No, when reviewing the business requirements it is the cost to the company of fixing errors.
An error found during analysis phase is relatively inexpensive to fix. |
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What are the benefits of online training?
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-Employees perform the training at any time, on their own computers, and at their own pace
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What is Business process outsourcing (BPO)?
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*using a contractual service to completely manage, deliver and operate one or more (typically IT or call center-intensive) business processes or functions
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What is Onshore outsourcing?
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*the process of engaging another company WITHIN THE SAME COUNTRY for services
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What is Nearshore outsourcing?
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*contracting an outsourcing arrangement with a company in a NEARBY COUNTRY
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What is Offshore outsourcing?
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*contracting with a company that is GEOGRAPHICALLY FAR AWAY
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What is an IT infrastructure?
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*is the implementation of an IT architecture
IT infrastructure components: -Hardware (Personal computer, server, etc.) -Software (Windows, MS office, DBMS, etc.) -Network -Information |
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What is Flexibility?
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*refers to the system’s ability change quickly
-A flexible IT system can perform a function in a number of different ways |
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What is a Legacy information system (LIS)?
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*represents a massive, long-term business investment; such systems are often brittle, slow, and nonextensible
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Define “Business Agility”
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-Business agility means being prepared for change at a moment’s notice
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What is an enterprise system?
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*a large software application that organizations use to manage their operations
Key way to distribute information to: -Workforce -Suppliers -Customers |
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What are the four (4) IT infrastructure components?
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-Hardware (Personal computer, server, etc.)
-Software (Windows, MS office, DBMS, etc.) -Network -Information |
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What is an IT architecture?
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-An IT architecture is the blueprint for translating a business strategy into a technology plan
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What does an IT architecture defines?
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-How IT infrastructure will look
-How IT infrastructure's components (data, software, hardware, and enterprise systems) interrelate -Where and how information will be located and accessed |
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What are the four types of information technology infrastructures?
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-Decentralized infrastructure
-Centralized infrastructure -Distributed infrastructure -Client/server infrastructure |
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What is a centralized infrastructure?
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*A centralized infrastructure involves sharing of information systems in one central area
Major disadvantage: Inflexibility |
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What is a decentralized infrastructure?
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-Each department within a company has its own hardware and software to meet the specific needs of the department
-Little or no sharing of information systems |
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What is the difference between centralized and decentralized architecture?
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-decentralized infrastructure has little to no sharing
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What is a distributed infrastructure?
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*involves distributing the information and processing power of IT systems via a network
-all locations can share information and applications |
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What is a client/server infrastructure (or client/server network)?
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*has one or more computers that are servers which provide services to other computers, called clients
-The client/server infrastructure is a form of distributed infrastructure |
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What is Reliability?
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*Reliability ensures your IT systems are functioning correctly and providing accurate information
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What is Scalability?
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*Scalability refers to how well a system can adapt to increased demands
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Describe an IT infrastructure that is flexible and scalable and supports a changing business?
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*system that can adapt to increased demands, and changes quickly if needed
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What is system integration?
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*allows separate applications to communicate directly with each other by automatically exporting data files from one application and importing to another
-helps an organization maintain better control of its infrastructure |
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What is the primary reason for system integration?
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*Organizations might have a separate IT system for each department, sometimes ending up with hundreds of different systems that do not communicate with each other
-System integration brings together previously isolated information systems with the goal of providing a more complete and effective information resource for the whole organization |
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What are the seven (7) “ilities”
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1. Availability
2. Accessibility 3. Reliability 4. Scalability 5. Flexibility 6. Performance 7. Capacity planning |
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What is Availability?
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*is determining when an IT system will be available for employees to access
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What is Accessibility?
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*is determining who has the right to access different types of IT systems and information
-Accessibility also means who can access or manipulate the information, whether they can create, read, update, and/or delete information |
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What is Performance?
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*measures how quickly an IT system performs a certain process
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What is Capacity planning?
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*Capacity planning determines the future IT infrastructure requirements for new equipment and additional network capacity
-It’s cheaper for an organization to implement an IT infrastructure that considers capacity growth at the beginning of a system deployment |
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What is an Enterprise resource planning (ERP) system?
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*software systems for business management, supporting areas such as planning, manufacturing, sales, marketing, distribution, accounting, financial, human resource management, project management, inventory management, service and maintenance, transportation, and e-business
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What does an Enterprise resource planning (ERP) system allow?
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*ERP systems enable companies to integrate and coordinate their business functions
--Ensure that information can be shared across all areas in a company -Also, ERP system allow companies to implement a single integrated system replacing legacy information systems |
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What are so pro's and con's of an Enterprise resource planning (ERP) system?
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Pro's:
-Reliable information access -Avoid redundant data and operations -Cost reduction Con's: -Time-consuming -Expensive |
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What is mass customization?
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*the ability of an organization to give its customers the opportunity to tailor its products or services
Examples: Dell – customized computer purchases Apple iTunes – only the music you want (not necessarily the whole album) --Gives a business a competitive advantage |
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What are direct materials?
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*materials that are used in production in a manufacturing company or are placed on the shelf for sale in retail environments
-Relate directly to a company’s primary business activities -Quality, quantity, and delivery timing are important |
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What is Electronic data interchange (EDI)?
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*direct computer-to-computer transfer of transaction information in standard business documents, such as invoices and purchase orders, in a standard format
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What is a Financial EDI?
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*an electronic process used primarily within B2B for the payment of purchases
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What is a reverse auction? How does it work?
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*process in which a buyer posts its interests in buying items and sellers compete by submitting successively lower bids
-The lowest bidder wins |
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What are maintenance, repair, and operations (MRO) materials (indirect materials)?
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*materials necessary for running a company but do not relate to the company’s primary business activities
Examples: -Office supplies, repair parts -Similar to convenience and commoditylike items in B2C |
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What is a Horizontal e-marketplace?
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*connects buyers and sellers across many industries
-Primarily for MRO materials (indirect materials) |
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What is a Vertical e-marketplace?
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*connects buyers and sellers in a given industry
-Primarily for direct materials |
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What can a marketing mix include for a B2C e-commerce business?
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-Registering with search engines
-Online ads -Viral marketing -Affiliate programs |
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What are the major types of B2C e-commerce payment systems?
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-Credit cards
-Financial cybermediaries -Electronic checks -Electronic Bill Presentment and Payment -Smart cards |
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How do convenience and specialty items differ in the B2C e-commerce business model?
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Convenience
-Lower priced -Purchased frequently -Example: common food items Specialty -Higher priced -Purchased less frequently -Example: Stereos, computers, furniture |