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75 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Fungus means one organism in this kingdom
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Fungi means more than one ogranisms in this kingdom
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General Characteristics of Fungi:
1. Eukaryotic 2. Consumer 3. Variety of shapes and sizes. 4. Similar ways of getting food and reproducing. 5. Some are single celled but most are multicellular |
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Multicellular fungi are made up of chains of cells called hyphae.
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Hyphae are similar to roots.
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The cell walls of hyphae allow cytoplasm to flow from one cell to the other.
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The cell walls of plant roots do not allow cytoplasm to flow from one cell to the other.
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Hyphae grow together to form a twisted mass called they mycelium.
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The mycelium is the major part of the fungi.
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The mycelium can not be seen because it is underground.
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Fungi get energy as consumers.
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Some fungi are decomposing consumers.
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Some fungi are in symbiotic relationships.
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There are two types of symbiotic relationships fungi have:
1. Mutualism 2. Parasitism |
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In mutualism both organisms benefit.
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An example of a mutualism relationship of fungi is fungi living on a plant root.
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In the fungi/plant mutualism relationship, the fungi provides protection from diseases. The fungi breaks down minerals in soil for the plants. The plant provides a home for the fungi.
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Parastism is also considered a consumer.
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Consumers get their energy/food from another organism.
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Decomposers get their energy from dead decaying organisms.
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Decomposers use digestive enzymes to dissolve the dead organism. Once dissolved the hyphae soak up the dissolved parts.
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Fungi reproduce:
1. Sexually 2. Asexually |
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Fungi reproduce sexually by special structures joining together to make sex cells.
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In fungi sexual reproduction the sex cells combine to make sexual spores.
The sexual spore grows into a new organism. |
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Fungi reproduce asexually in two ways:
1. Hyphae break apart and each part grows a new organism. 2. Spore production. |
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Spores are small reproductive cells protected by a thick cell wall.
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Asexual spores are produced by just one parent.
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There are four kinds of fungus:
1. Threadlike 2. Sac 3. Club 4. Imperfect |
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Fungus are placed into these groups based on their shapes and how they reproduce.
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Placing organisms into groups is called classifying.
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Threadlike Fungi Charasteristics:
1. Molds 2. Mostly live in soil 3. Usually decomposers 4. Reproduce Sexually and Asexually. |
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Threadlike fungi reproduce sexually by two hyphae from different fungi joining and developing a special sporangia.
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Sporangia are stalk like structures with a knob on top.
The knob holds the spores. |
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The sporangia can survive in harsh conditions like the temperature being too hot or no rain.
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Fungi reproduce asexually by extensions of hyphae growing into the air and forming sporangia.
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Molds are shapeless and fuzzy.
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Sac Fungi Characteristics
1. Largest group 2. Most are multicellular 3. Usually go through both asexual and sexual reproduction in one life cycle. |
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Sac Fungi includes:
Yeasts Powdery Mildew Truffles Morels and more |
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Sac fungi sexual reproduction involves forming of an ascus.
Ascus means sac. |
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Spores develop in the ascus of Sac Fungi
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Yeasts is different from most sac fungi.
1. Unicellular 2. Reproduce asexually by budding. |
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Budding happens when a cell pinches off and creates a new organism.
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Yeast is the only fungi that reproduces by budding.
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Some sac fungi are useful to humans.
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They are useful in the following ways:
1. Yeasts makes bread. 2. Antibiotics 3. Vitamins 4. Food (edible truffles and morels) |
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Some sac fungi are parasites
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Sac fungi are parasitic in the following ways:
1. Plant diseases Examples: chestnut blight and dutch elm disease |
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Parasitic sac fungi can harm the ecosystem by destroying plants.
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Club Fungi Characteristics
1. Umbrella shape 2. Most commonly known 3. Most familiar mushrooms are gill mushrooms. |
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Club fungi reproduce sexually by hyphae developing and producing the club like structure.
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The club like structure is called basidia.
Basidia is a greek word for club. |
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Spores develop inside the basidia.
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In gill mushrooms the spores develop in the grooves/gills under the cap.
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Not all mushrooms are edible.
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Some mushrooms are poisonous!
Example: White Destroying Angel |
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Other types of club fungi are:
1. Bracket 2. puffballs 3. Smuts 4. Rusts |
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Brackets grow on trees like shelves.
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Smuts and Rusts are plant parasites that attack crops like wheat and corn.
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Imperfect Fungi Characteristics:
1. All species that do not fit into other groups. 2. Do not reproduce sexually at all. 3. Most are parasites. 4. Some are useful. |
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Examples of parasites (harmful to animals and plants) are:
1. Fungi causing athlete's foot. 2. Fungi producing Aflatoxins. Aflatoxins can cause cancer! |
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Examples of useful imperfect fungi are:
1. Penicillium (fungus that makes penicillun( 2. Others producing medicines. 3. Food (cheese, soy sauce, citric acid in colas) |
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Lichens are different!
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Lichens are different because they are fungus and alga intertwined together.
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Lichens have a symbiotic relationship that is mutualism.
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Fungus protects the alga in the lichen.
The alga would dry out without the fungus. |
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Alga makes the food through photosynthesis in the Lichen.
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Lichens grow in almost any terrestrial biome.
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A terrestrial biome is a land biome like a forest.
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Lichens need only air, sunlight and minerals to live.
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Lichens absorb water and minerals from the air.
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Because they do not need much to live, Lichens can grow on rocks.
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The acid in the fungus makes the rock crack.
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Bits of rock and dead lichen fall in the cracks and creates soil.
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New organisms can now grow inbetween the rocks in the new soil.
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Lichens are usually the first species to grow in a new area. But they are easily affected by pollution.
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