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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
2 kinds of prokaryotes |
1. Bacteria 2. Archaea: Have more in common with Eukaryotes than Bacteria |
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Eubacteria |
- "True" bacteria - Largest group - Contain protective cell wall made up of CHOs - Live in soil - Host organism and others are photosynthetic |
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Cyanobacteria |
- Blue-green bacteria - Photosynthetic - Have phycocyanin (Blue pigment) and chlorophyll a (Green) - Found all over the world |
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Archaebacteria |
- Live in extremely harsh condition (Methanogens), mud, digestive tract of animal, salty environment and hot springs |
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Prochlorobacteria |
Contains chlorophyll a and b. |
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3 basic shapes |
1. Spherical bacteria (Cocci, coccus) 2. Rod-shaped bacteria (Bacilli, bacillus) 3. Spiral-shapped bacteria (Spirilla, spirillum) |
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Phototrophic |
Use sunlight to produce energy (E.g cyanobacteria) |
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Chemotrophic |
Use inorganic molecules, e.g hydrogen, to make energy (E.g Nitrosomonas) |
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Chemotrophic Heterotrophics |
Take in organic molecules, break them down and absorbs them. |
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Phototrophic Heterotrophs |
Photosynthetic, and also need organic compounds for nutrition. |
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How do bacteria respire? |
Energy is released in the form of respiration or fermentation. |
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Respiration |
Process that use O2 and breaks down food materials to release energy. |
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Fermentation |
Process of energy release in absence of O2. |
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Obligate Aerobes |
Organism requires constant supply of O2. |
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Obligate Anaerobes |
Must live in absence of O2. |
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Facultative Anaerobes |
Can survive with or without O2 |
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Fermentation |
Glucose is broken down onto ethyl alcohol and CO2. |
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Bacterial Fermentation |
The process where anaerobes with specific enzymes produce vinegar, pickles, cheese, etc. |
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Parasites |
Heterotrophs that obtain their energy from living organisms. Mostly pathogens that cause disease in host. |
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Decomposers |
Obtain energy from dead and decaying organic matter (A.k.a saprophytes). |
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Binary Fission (Asexual) |
When bacteria doubled it's size, replicates DNA and divides in half. Produces 2 identical daughter cells. |
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Conjugation (Sexual) |
Long bridge, pills, forms between 2 bacterial cells. Part of genetic information from donor, transferred to recipient. |
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Spore Formation |
Forms endospore when conditions are not favourable. Remains dormant for months/years until conditions are favourable again. |
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Endospore |
Type of spore that is formed when bacteria produces a thick internal wall, enclosing DNA and portion of cytoplast. |
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Extreme Halophiles |
- Salt Lovers - Can survive in salt water 15-20% salt |
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Extreme Thermophiles |
- Heat Lovers - Thrive over temp over 100 degrees and acidic environ. |
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Methanogens |
- Lives in aerobic environ. and gives off methane as waste product - E.g mud or digestive tract of an animal |