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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define Ergometer
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a device that quantifies and standardizes exercise in terms of work and power output
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What is the goal of ergometry?
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a device measures the work and power output of a subject. These values allow a comparison of the physiological responses to exercise between subjects or with one subject over time (training / detraining)
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What are the 4 types of ergometers? which is the best?
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treadmill, cycle ergometer (best-monarch), stair climber, rowing ergometer
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What is the equation to calculate work? power? Include all their units
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Work = force x distance = Joules
Power = f x d / t = W / t = joules / second = Watts |
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A subject cycles a Monark bike for 20 minutes at a pedal rate of 80rpm and a resistance of 1.5 kg on the flywheel. How much work do they do?
Step 1: Step 2: Step 3: |
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You wish that a subject ride a Monark cycle ergometer at 80 rpm for 45 minutes complete 200 kJ of work. What resistance should be applied to the ergometer?
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What is the power output of a subject cycles a Monark bike for 20 minutes at a pedal rate of 80rpm and a resistance of 1.5 kg on the flywheel.
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A subject rides a cycle ergometer with a resistance of 2.0 kp at 75 rpm. What is their power output?
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A subject rides a Monark ergometer at a power output of 200W for 15 minutes. If you apply 2.5 kp of resistance, what pedal rate must they maintain to achieve this power output?
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Define Energy Expenditure:
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EE is the amount of energy you need to "burn" in order to do a set amount of work
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T or F: energy expenditure is greater than the usable work in a system (a human). Explain
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True, we are NOT 100% efficient, some energy from work done is lost to heat, noise, etc.
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What is the approx % effeciency of humans?
How is it calculated? |
~ 25%
Efficiency % = (work / energy consumption) x 100% |
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What is BMR, what is it in a resting individual? how can you calculate the the total BMR if the individual has 45 kg of muscle mass?
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BMR = basal metabolic rate, 0.63 W/kg
total BMR = muscle mass x BMR = 45 x 0.63 = 28.4 J/s |
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if a person with 25kg of lower body muscle mass has a power output of 441 watts, what is their training metabolic rate? what is the difference compared to an individual at rest?
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441 watts/25kg = 17.6 W/kg
goes from 0.63W/kg to 17.6 W/kg = ~30x as much skeletal work to reach that power output! |
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briefly compare calories (kcal) vs. kJ
convert kcal -> kJ |
calories is chemical/food energy that can be consumed. kJ is the kinetic/work energy that is performed.
1 kcal = 4.19kJ |
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if you have 45kg of muscle mass... how long would it take you to burn 453 french fry calories at rest? exercising at 441W?
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What is a calorimetry?
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measures the amount of energy expended by measuring other components to work done by individual
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what are the 2 ways to measure energy expenditure (ee)? which way is most often used, why?
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direct and indirect. indirect is used more often because it is more practical than a completely closed system and less expensive.
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What is the open circuit spirometer?
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it assesses e.e. through measurement of VO2 (oxygen consumed) vs. VCO2 (carbon dioxide produced)
= each L of oxygen consumed translates roughly into an amount of energy consumed, and co2 provides a useful measure of exercise intensity and fuel utilization (co2 is a product of cellular respiration) |
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compare and contrast RQ and RER?
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RQ = the respiratory quotient describing the ratio of metabolic gases at the level of the muscle =VCO2/VO2
= co2 produced/o2 consumed RER = respiratory exchange describes the ratio of gases at the level of the mouth... consider it = to RQ |
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what is the difference between relative and absolute values of gas?
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absolute = L/min
relative = ml/(kg min) |
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What is the normal physiological range of RER/RQ, what important information does this provide?
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the general range of RER is 0.7 (low = fat) - 1.10 (high = carbs)
it approximates what type of fuels are being used (fats vs. carbs) |
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Why do the levels of CO2 (VCO2) exhaled not accurately reflect the actual metabolic production at the muscles during high activity?
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-the amount of VCO2 increases due to hyperventilation beyond metabolic demands
- NACO3 buffers lactate which results in the production of extra CO2 |
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how efficient is a cyclist who:
-pedals at a rate of 90 RPM -resistance = 2.0 kp -flywheel distance = 6m / rev -for a time of 10 minutes -measured VO2 = 2.6 L.min-1, RER = 0.94 |
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Knowing that a maximal amount of fat is burned at the lowest RER (rest), would you recommend that people exercise at a very low intensity to maximize their fat burning ability? why?
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No.Overall, working out at a higher intensity leads to:
- a greater expenditure of total calories during the workout and, - a greater resting metabilic rate during the recover of the workout = overall more calories, more fat loss burned |
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Define metabolism
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all chemical rxns of biomolecules within the body that encompass synthesis (anabolism) and breakdown (catabolism)
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define TDEE:
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TDEE= total daily energy expenditure
-resting metabolic rate - thermogenic effect of food - energy expended during activity |
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When should a subject's BMR be measured?
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when subject is fully rested and not digesting food:
- 12 hrs post eating - no exercise for several hours - lying down for 30 minutes in a comfortable temperatured room without stimulants |
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What 4 factors affect BMR?
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body size, sex, age, fat-free body mass
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What 3 ways can you estimate BMR?
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- O2 consumption
- surface area (body size) - body composition (Fat free mass) |
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Estimating BMR/RMR from oxygen consumption:
if you were at rest for the entire 24hours in a day, what would be your RMR? assuming: - resting oxygen consumption = 300 ml / min = 0.3 L / min - kCal / L O2 = 4.8 (from the table of metabolic equivalents (McArdle table 8.1) |
24 hours = 24 h x 60 min/h = 1,440 min
RMR = (0.3 L O2 / min) x (4.8 kCal / L O2) x (1,440 min / day) RMR = 2,073 kCal / day |
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Estimating BMR by body size (m^2) if she:
is a 20 year old female, 5'6", and 130lbs (1.7m^2). what is her BMR? (must use table) |
her BMR:
= (35.3 kCal / m2 / h) x (1.7 m2) x (24 h / day) = 1,440 kCal / day |
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Estimating Resting Daily Energy Expenditure (RDEE) from Fat Free Mass:
20 year old man with body mass = 80 kg has 15% body fat (use table) |
20 year old man with body mass = 80 kg
has 15% body fat therefore, fat free mass = 85% 85% x 80 kg = 68 kg RDEE = 1,839 kCal / day |
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How much weight does the average person put on in adulthood each year? why?
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1lb per year. because naturally, your BMR decreases with age (your metabolism slows) UNLESS YOU DO SOMETHING ABOUT IT!
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at rest, what 2 organs make up to almost 50% of the resting metabolism?
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liver and brain
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What is the intensity/duration trade off?
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- with high intensity of exercise = high energy use which can only be sustained for a short period of time
- with low intensity exercise = low energy use which can be sustained for much longer durations. |
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What is an MET? what is it used for?
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MET is used as a way to classify the intensity of an exercise, from 1 MET = resting metabolic rate
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what is the typical resting metabolic rate of an individual in relative and absolute terms?
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absolule: 0.2-0.3L O2/min (females), 0.25-0.35 (males)
relative: 3.5 ml/kg/min |
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compare the differences between an untrained vs. elite athlete:
- max MET - relative max HR - Cardiac output (L/min) - VO2 max |
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What are the relative amounts of energy per gram of fat, carb and protein?
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0.7, 1, 0.82
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