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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Experimental Pathology
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Aimed at defining specific cellular and molecular abnormalities responsible for abnormal states.
Observation of effects of manipulations on experimental systems: - animal models of disease - cell cultures Carried out in University Departments, Research Institutions and Departments Of Pathology. |
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Diagnosis
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The act of identifying a disease in an individual patient.
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The process of diagnosis involves:
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* Taking a clinical history to document symptoms.
* Examine patient for clinical signs. * perform investigations guided by provisional diagnosis based on signs and symptoms. - which organ or body system is affected? - which general category of disease is present? (eg inflammation, tumours) - use age, gender, previous medical history etc to deduce a diagnosis or small number of possibilities for investigation. - Only perform investigations if outcome can resolve the diagnosis or influence the management of the diagnosis. |
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Diagnostic Pathology / Laboratory Medicine
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Identifies characteristic alterations or abnormalities that specifically identify particular diseases.
Thus identifies molecular and cellular mechanisms responsible for that disease. |
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Therapy
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Treatment.
Once an exact diagnosis has been established, correct and effective therapy can be prescribed. Rational therapy is directed at the control or elimination of the mechanisms responsible for the disease. |
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morbidity
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pathologic or diseased condition
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Anatomic Pathology / Morbid Anatomy
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The study of the alterations and organisation of cells, tissues and organs which are associated with disease.
Gross or macroscopic pathology |
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Histopathology
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The investigation and diagnosis of disease from the examination of tissues at the microscopic level.
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Cytopathology
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The study of cells which may be abnormal
Investigates and diagnoses disease from the examination of isolated cells. |
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Chemical Pathology / Clinical Pathology
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The study of biochemical alterations associated with disease.
Studying disease at the molecular level. Often evident in body fluids eg. blood, plasma, urine Cross-sectional analysis of the cause and mechanisms of the disease, and the effect of the disease upon organs and systems of the body. |
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Veterinary Pathology
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Branch of pathology concerned with diseases in animals
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Forensic pathology
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Branch of pathology concerned with the application of medical knowledge to legal problems.
eg cause of death, crime. (interaction between law and medicine) |
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Haematology
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Study of disorders of the cellular and coagulable components of blood
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Immunology
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Study of the specific defence mechanisms of the body
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Microbiology
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The study of infectious diseases and the organisms responsible for them
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Oncology
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Study of tumours (= new growths, cancer)
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Disease
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A disturbance of the structure or function of the body or part of it.
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pathos
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suffering, that which inspires pity, eg like people with illness or disease.
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logos
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lecture, logic, study
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Pathology
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The scientific study of diseases.
Includes knowledge and understanding of structural,functional, genetic and biochemical changes in disease.ie from the molecular level to the effects on the individual. Ultimate goal = to identify causes of diseases to enable the prevention of disease. |
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Toxicology
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The study of the effects of known or suspected poisons
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General Pathology
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Current understanding of the causation, mechanisms and characteristics of the major categories of disease.
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Systematic Pathology
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Current knowledge of specific diseases as they affect individual organs or systems
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List the chief characteristics that apply to any disease
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incidence
aetiology pathogenesis pathological and clinical features complications and sequelae prognosis treatment |
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Autopsy
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Necropsy
Postmortem examination |
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Autopsies are useful for:
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- determining the cause of death
- audit of the accuracy of clinical diagnosis - education of undergraduates and postgraduates - research into the causes and mechanisms of disease - gathering accurate statistics about disease incidence |