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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the 4 major adaptations of plant evolution |
alternation of generations, vascular tissue, seeds,flowers and fruits |
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what are the 3 major reproductive adaptions in the evolution of seed plants. |
-Reduction of gametophyte(gametophyte of seed plants are microscopic,they can exist within and are dependent on the sporophyte) - seeds became and important means of dispersal -pollen(sperm cells) eliminated the liquid-water requirement for fertilization |
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microscopic gametophytes are found in |
seed plants gymnosperms and angiosperms |
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What advantages do seeds have over spores |
Seeds have a supply of stored food• They maybe transported longdistances by wind or animals they may remain dormant for years |
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What is pollen |
the male haploid gametophyte. no longer needs water for fertilization. and travels by air or on animals |
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how does pollen work?
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if a pollen grain germintes, it gives rise to a pollen tube that discharges sperm into the female gametophyte within the ovule. |
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what are the five derived traits of seed plants? |
reduced gametophytes, heterospory, ovules (gymnosperm) integument is 2n megaspore is n and megasporangium is 2n, and seeds(survive better then unprotected spores and can be transported |
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What is the purpose of a flower |
specialized strcture where sexual reproduction occurs has an organ system:composed of several different organs including male and female sex organs. many evolved to attract organisms . |
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what is the male and what is the female sex organs in a flower? |
Male:stamen female:carpal |
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what are the parts of the stamen |
anther and filament |
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what are the parts of the carpel |
stigma(entry) style and overy. and the ovules are contained within the ovary. |
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what parts of a flower besides sex organs |
petal, sepal(leaf like thing) and steam. |
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what are microspore mother cells |
they are found in the anther and go through meiosis to produce haploid microspores which then go through mitosis to produce haploid pollen grains (microgametopythe). found in anther of a flower. |
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What is the megaspore mother cell |
it is contain in the ovule and goes through mitosis to procuce haploid megapodes which go through mitosis to produce the embrosac (megagametophyte) |
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what is a fruit? |
a fruit is a mature ovary |
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what are the benefits |
protection for embryo and enhances dispersion |
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What are the two types of fruits? what define them |
simple fruits(one ovary) and compound fruits(more then one ovary) |
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what types of fruits have one ovary? |
dry fruits and fleshy fruits |
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define dry fruits and give examples |
One seeded dry fruits -archene(grains): ovary wall and seed coat fused - nuts:ovary wall hard/woody but can be separated Two or more seeded dry fruits -ovary with several cavities-> capsule (cotton) -ovary with one cavity-> legume |
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what are the types of fleshy fruits |
-Ovary with one seed(surrounded by stone)->drupe -overay with many seeds all ovary tissue soft, flower tissue doesn't develop into fruit -> berry fruit develops from tissue of flower base, ovary wall forms 'core around seeds->pome |
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what are compound fruits and name the examples |
compound fruits have more then ovary multiple - fruits form from ovaries of many flowers aggregate- fruit formed from several ovaries in one flower. |
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what part of the life cycle of a angiosperm is 3n |
the endosperm which is the part of a seed that acts as a food store for the developing plant embryo, usually containing starch with protien and other nutrients. |
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what is double fertilization: |
occurs when pollen tube discharges 2 sperm into the female gametophyte |
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What is the difference between dicots and monocots |
Plants with one cotyledon:monocotyledon(monocots
Plants with two cotyledons:dicotyledons(dicots) |
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What is cotyledon: |
portion of the embryo that will become the first leaves. |