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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a IVU? |
Intravenous urography -Contrast medium injected intravenously |
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What is a urography? |
General radiographic exam of the urinary system |
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What are the two major types of iodinated contrast media used in urology? |
Ionic & nonionic |
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What is a anion? |
Negatively charged component |
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What is a cation? |
Positive charged side chain element |
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What is osmolality? |
Hypertonic condition / an increase in the blood plasma |
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What can an increase in osmolality cause? |
Vein spasm, pain at injection site & fluid retention |
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What are common commercial names for ionic contrast? |
Renografin, hypaque, & conray |
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What is the difference between ionic and nonionic? |
Nonionic is based on its non-ionizing characteristics. Ionic contains positive and negative components. |
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Why does Non-ionizing contrast medium less chance of a reaction? |
Because it is low osmolality therefore doesn’t increase blood plasma |
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Why does ionic contrast a greater risk of reaction? |
Has higher osmolality |
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Which contrast is more expensive ? |
Nonionic |
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What are the typical side effects after an IV injection of iodinated contrast medium? |
Temporary hot flash and metallic taste in the mouth |
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What is used as diagnostic indicators of kidney function? |
Creatinine and BUN levels |
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Can patients who take metformin hydrochloride be given iodinated contrast medium? |
Yes if their kidney function is within normal limits |
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What makes a patient more at risk for adverse reactions to ionic contrast media? |
Those with a history of past reactions and allergies |
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What is one of the common premedication protocols? |
Combo of Benadryl and prednisone given over a period of 12 or more hours before procedure |
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What are local reactions ? |
Those that affect only the specific region of the body at which contrast medium has been injected into the venous system |
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What are systemic reactions? |
Those that do not affect the site of injection but the entire body of a specific organ |
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What does extravasation mean? |
Leakage of iodinated contrast medium outside of the vessel and into surrounding tissue also known as infiltration |
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What is phlebitis ? |
Inflammation of a vein |
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What are the two local reactions to contrast medication? |
Extravasation and phlebitis |
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What are the 3 general systemic categories of contrast medium reactions? |
Mild, moderate and severe |
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Is a mild reaction an allergic reaction ? |
No |
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What are some examples of mild reactions? |
Nausea, vomiting , mild erythema, anxiety etc |
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What is a severe reaction also known as ? |
Vasovagal reaction- life threatening condition |
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What is a IVU? |
Excretory urography- radiographic exam of the urinary system |
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What are the alternative names for excretory urography? |
IVU, IVP (intravenous pyelography) |
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What are the 3 purposes of IVU? |
1.visualize the collecting portion of the urinary system 2. Assess the functional ability of the kidney 3. Evaluate the urinary system for pathology |
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What is Benign prostatic hyperplasia? |
An enlargement of the prostate that generally begins in the 5th decade of life |
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What is a bladder calculi? |
Stones that form in the urinary bladder |
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What a nephrogram? |
Radiographs taken very early in the the series |
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What is a retrograde urography? |
A nonfunctional examination of the urinary system |
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What is the purpose of the retrograde urography? |
Contrast medium introduced directly retrograde(backward) to determine the location of urinary calculi or more |
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What is a retrograde cystography? |
A common procedure for ruling out trauma, calculi, stone, and inflammatory disease of the urinary bladder |
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What is a voiding cystourethrography? |
Also Known as VCU- study of Urethra and evaluates the patients ability to urinate. (Functional study of bladder and urethra) |
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When are voiding radiographics taken? |
After routine cystography is complete |
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What position makes voiding easier? |
Upright |
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Why would a retrograde urethrography be performed on a male? |
To demonstrate the full length of the urethra |
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What is a Brodney clamp? |
A special device attached to the distal penis for Injection of contrast material |
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A deep expiration will allow the kidneys to move up about 1inch. True or false? |
True |
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Small arteries in the __ form tiny capillary tufts, termed ____? |
Cortex , glomeruli |
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In relation to an IVU, patients with history of prolapse of the bladder or an enlarged prostate gland would you benefit from which position? |
Erect |
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What is hydronephrosis? |
A distention of the renal pelvis and calyces of the kidney that results from some obstruction of the ureters or renal pelvis |
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You pass by the radiologist room and notice on their screen they are reading an IVU exam for cystitis. The image is a KUB labeled supine. You see that there is a large amount of iodine contrast filing only in the renal pelvises. Which delay will this most likely be ? |
1 minute |
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What is most likely the position if you notice the bladder is at the lower level of the pubic symphysis? |
Upright |
