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80 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
2 pairs of folds of the larynx
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False vocal folds = cranially positioned ventricular folds
True vocal folds = caudally placed vocal folds |
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Parts of the cavity of the larynx
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vestibule: aditus --> rima glottidis
ventricle: space between ventricular and vocal cords infraglottic cavity: space between rima glottidis and beginning of tracheal cavity. |
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Unpaired cartilages of the larynx
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Thyroid
Cricoid Epiglottic Cartilages |
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Paired cartilages of the larynx
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Arytenoid
Cuneiform Corniculate |
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Parts of the THYROID CARTILAGE
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-Right and left laminae, fusing to form the laryngeal prominence
-Superior & inferior thyroid notches -Superior & inferior cornu/horns -Oblique line (extends from superior to inferior thyroid TUBERCLES) |
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Parts of the CRICOID CARTILAGE
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-Quadrilateral, dorsal lamina
-Facets for articulation with inferior cornu of thyroid cartilage -2 elliptical depressions for articulation with the arytenoid cartilages |
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3 folds of the mucous membrane between the tongue and epiglottis
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single median glossoepiglottic fold
2 lateral glossoepiglottic folds Depressions between the folds: epiglottic valleculae |
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What attaches the epiglottis to the arytenoid cartilages?
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aryepiglottic folds
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the 2 processes of the base of the arytenoid cartilage
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muscular process: lateral angle
Vocal process: anterior angle; where the vocal cord attaches |
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Cuneiform cartilage
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attached to the aryepiglottic fold just anterior the corniculate cartilage
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Thyrohyoid Membrane
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Between body/cornua of hyoid bone and cranial aspect of the thyroid cartilage. Thick in median portion = median thyrohyoid ligament; lateral portions are lateral thyrohyoid ligaments.
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2 extrinsic membranes of the larynx of interest
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Thyrohyoid membrane
Cricothyroid membrane |
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Cricothyroid membrane
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(Median)
Fibroelastic tissue connecting the superior rim of the cricoid cartilage with the inferior rim of the thyroid cartilage. |
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Intrinsic membrane of larynx, aka ELASTIC LAMINA
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cranial portion = quadrangular membrane
caudal portion = elastic cone (conus elasticus) |
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Parts of the elastic cone (conus elasticus)
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Median cricothyroid ligament
2 vocal ligaments |
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Cricothyroid muscle
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O: arch of cricoid cartilage
I: lamina and inferior cornu of thyroid cartilage In: external branch of superior laryngeal nerve Fn: tenses vocal cords |
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Lateral cricoarytenoid muscle
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O:arch of cricoid cartilage
I: muscular process of arytenoid cartilage In: inferior laryngeal nerve Fn: ADDUCTS vocal cords (narrows rima glottidis) |
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Posterior cricoarytenoid muscle
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O: lamina of cricoid cartilage
I: muscular process of arytenoid cartilage In: inferior laryngeal nerve Fn: ABDUCTS vocal cords |
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Transverse Arytenoid muscle
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O and I: posterior surfaces of the 2 arytenoig cartilages
In: Inferior laryngeal nerve Fn: adducts the vocal cords |
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Oblique Arytenoid muscle
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O: muscular process of 1 arytenoid cartilage
I: apex of opposite arytenoid cartilage In: inferior laryngeal nerve Fn: adducts the vocal cords |
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Aryepiglotticus muscle
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continuation of the oblique arytenoid muscle.
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Thyroarytenoid muscle
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O: thyroid lamina and cricothyroid ligament
I: lateral margin and base of the arytenoid cartilage In: inferior laryngeal nerve Fn: Adducts the vocal cords |
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Vocalis muscle
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O: thyroid lamina and cricothyroid ligament
I: vocal ligament In: inferior laryngeal nerve Fn: modifies tension on the vocal cord |
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List the intrinsic muscles of the larynx (8)
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cricothyroid
posterior cricoarytenoid lateral cricoarytenoid transverse arytenoid oblique arytenoid thyroarytenoid vocalis aryepiglottic |
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2 regions of the rima glottidis
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intermembraneous region: between the vocal cords
Intercatilagenous region: between the arytenoid cartilages |
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Arterial supply of larynx
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Superior thyroid artery (off external carotid) -->. superior laryngeal branch
Inferior thyroid branch (off thyrocervical trunk) --> inferior laryngeal branch Cricothyroid artery off the inferior laryngeal branch |
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Venous drainage of the larynx
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Superior and inferior laryngeal veins
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Sensory innervation below the vocal cords
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recurrent laryngeal branches of vagus nerve
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sensory innervation above the vocal cords
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internal laryngeal branch of superior laryngeal nerves of vagus
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Recurrent laryngeal nerves wrap around what on R and L sides?
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Right: subclavian artery
Left: arch of aorta |
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Boundaries of the submandibular triangle
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inferior rim of the mandible, anterior and posterior bellies of the digastric muscles
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Suprahyoid muscles
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anterior belly of digastric
posterior belly of digastric stylohyoid mylohyoid geniohyoid |
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Posterior belly of digastric
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O: mastoid notch of temporal
I: intermediate tendon In: facial nerve Fn: pulls hyoid bone posteriorly |
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Anterior belly of digastric
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O: digastric fossa of mandible
I: intermediate tendon In: mylohyoid nerve (off inferior alveolar nerve of V3) Fn: pulls hyoid bone anteriorly |
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Action of both bellies of digastric together
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Elevate hyoid bone
Depresses mandible when hyoid bone is fixed |
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Stylohyoid muscle
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O: styloid process
I: body of hyoid bone In: facial nerve Fn: pulls hyoid bone superiorly and posteriorly |
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Mylohyoid muscle
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O: mylohyoid line of mandible
I: median raphe and body of hyoid bone In: mylohyoid nerve (V3) Fn: when hyoid bone fixed: depresses mandible; when mandible fixed: elevates hyoid bone and floor of mouth |
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Geniohyoid muscle
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O: inferior mental spines of mandible
I: body of hyoid bone In: C1, carried by hypoglossal nerve Fn: pulls hyoid bone anteriorly and superiorly |
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List the 4 Intrinsic tongue muscles
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Superior longitudinal
Inferior longitudinal Transverse Vertical These all function to change shape of tongue |
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List the extrinsic tongue muscles
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Genioglossus
Hyoglossus Styloglossus Palatoglossus |
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Genioglossus muscle
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O: superior mental spines of mandible
I: tip to back of tongue and body of hyoid bone In: CN XII Fn: protrudes tongue; depresses tip of tongue |
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Hyoglossus muscle
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O: body and greater cornu of hyoid bone
I: posterior lateral aspect of body of tongue In: CN XII Fn: depresses tongue |
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Styloglossues muscle
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O: styloid process and stylomandibular ligament
I: along lateral aspect of entire body of tongue to tip to tongue In: CN XII Fn: retracts tongue and elevates tip of tongue |
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Palatoglossus muscle
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O: fascia and lateral aspect of soft palate
I: lateral aspect of tongue where ant 2/3 and post 1/3 meet In: Pharyngeal plexus Fn: elevates root of tongue and constricts fauces |
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Parts of the submandibular gland
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Major portion: superficial lobe
Small portion: deep lobe |
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Where does the submandibular duct terminate?
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sublingual caruncle (papilla)
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Vascularization of the sublingual gland
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Sublingual and submental arteries
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Vascularization of the submandibular gland
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Facial artery and sublingual branch of the lingual artery
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1st branch off lingual artery
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Suprahyoid artery: lies superficial to hypoglossus and supplies most of the muscles attaching to the hyoid bone.
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2nd branch off lingual artery
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Dorsal lingual: supplies the palatoglossal arch, mucous membrane of the tongue, palatine and lingual tonsils and some of the soft palate
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3rd and 4rd branches off lingual artery
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superior: deep lingual artery: supplies the body of the tongue
inferior: sublingual artery: supplies the sublingual gland, mucous membrane of floor of mouth and gingiva. |
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Branches of the facial artery that supply the submandibular region and floor of mouth
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ascending palatine artery
tonsillar artery glandular branches submental artery |
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what are the 3 MAIN arteries that supply the submandibular region and floor of mouth?
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lingual artery
facial artery mylohyoid artery (off inferior alveolar artery off the maxillary artery off external carotid) |
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Tongue is drained by which vein(s)?
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deep lingual and dosral lingual veins ==> lingual vein --> IJV
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Floor of mouth drained by which vein(s)?
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sublingual vein --> lingual vein --> IJV
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The left and right jugular trunks brings its lymph to where?
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Left --> thoracic duct
Right --> right lymphatic duct |
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The thoracic duct arises where?
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cisterna chyli in the abdomen
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Occipital nodes
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A: occipital part of the scalp
E: external jugular nodes and the accessory lymph nodes |
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Retroauricular lymph nodes (aka posterior auricular or mastoid)
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A: posterior parietal scalp, skin of the ear, and the posterior external acoustic meatus
E: superior deep cervical nodes & accessory lymph nodes |
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Preauricular (anterior auricular) nodes
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A: temporal region supplied by superficial temporal artery, anterior parietal scalp and anterior surface of ear
E: superior deep cervical lymph nodes |
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Parotid Nodes
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E: external acoustic meatus, skin of frontal and temporal regions, eyelids, tympanic cavity, cheek, nose, posterior palate
E: superior deep cervical lymph nodes |
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Submandibular nodes
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A: facial nodes; submental nodes; lateral upper and lower lips, cheeks and nose, anterior nasal cavity, all teeth except mand incisors, oral palate, anterior 2/3 of tongue
E: superior deep cervical lymph nodes and jugulo-omohyoid lymph nodes |
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Submental nodes
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A: mand incisors, medial part of lower lip, chin, tip of tongue, anterior floor of mouth
E: submandibular lymph node and jugulo-omohyoid lymph node |
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Facial nodes
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located along the course of the facial artery/vein
**infraorbital, buccal, mandibular A: skin and conjunctiva of eyelids, nose and cheek, upper lip E: submandibular nodes |
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External jugular nodes
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A: occipital nodes; lower part of ear and parotid region
E: superior deep cervical lymph nodes |
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Anterior jugular nodes
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A: skin, muscules, viscera of INFRAHYOID region of neck
E: inferior deep cervical lymph nodes |
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List the deep cervical lymph nodes
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superior deep cervical nodes
inferior deep cervical nodes accessory nodes juxta-visceral nodes retropharyngeal nodes transverse cervical nodes |
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what divides the deep cervical lymphatic chain into the superior and inferior deep cervical nodes?
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inferior belly of omohyoid muscle
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superior deep cervical nodes
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A: occipital, retroauricular, preauricular, parotid, submanidbular, external jugular, retropharyngeal nodes
E: inferior deep cervical nodes |
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2 important superior deep cervical nodes
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-jugulodigastric
-jugulo-omyohyoid nodes |
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jugulodigastric nodes
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located just inferior to the posterior belly of the digastric muscle as it crosses the IJV
A: palatine and lingual tonsils, posterior palate, posterior 1/3 of tongue E: inferior deep cervical lymph nodes |
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jugulo-omohyoid nodes
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located just superior to the inferior belly of the omohyoid muscle as it crosses the IJV
A: anterior tongue, submandibular nodes and submental nodes E: inferior deep cervical lymph nodes |
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inferior deep cervical nodes
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A: transverse cervical nodes, anterior jugular nodes, superior deep cervical nodes
E: jugular trunk |
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accessory nodes
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A: occipital nodes, retroauridcular nodes, and lateral neck and shoulder
E: transverse cervical nodes |
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retropharyngeal nodes
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A: posterior nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, hard and soft palate, nasopharynx, oropharynx, middle ear and auditory tube
E: superior deep cervical ndoes |
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Juxta-visceral nodes (anterior deep cervical)-- list the 3 of them
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prelaryngeal nodes
pretracheal nodes paratracheal nodes |
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prelaryngeal nodes
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located on anterior surface of cricothyroid ligament
A: thyroid gland and larynx E: inferior deep cervical nodes |
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pretracheal nodes
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located on anterior surface of trachea
A: thyroid gland and trachea E: inferior deep cervical nodes |
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paratracheal nodes
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along the recurrent laryngeal nerve in the tracheo-esophageal groove
A: thyroid gland, trachea, esophagus E: inferior deep cervical nodes |
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transverse cervical nodes
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along cervical artery and vein
A: accessory nodes, apical axillary nodes, lateral neck, anterior thoracic wall E: most often into jugular trunk |