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63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the properties of life?
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1. Organic Molecules, definite structure
2. Use of raw materials for structure 3. Ability to reproduce structure 4. Ability to respond to stimuli |
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What is anatomy?
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Study of the structure of body parts and their relationships with one another.
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What is physiology?
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Study of the function of the body's structural machinery.
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What are the levels of structural organisation?
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1. Chemical - atoms combined to form molecules
2. Cellular - made of molecules 3. Tissue - similar types of cells 4. Organ - different types of tissue 5. Organ System - different organs working together 6. Organismal - various organ systems |
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What are some organ systems studied in this subject?
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- Integumentary system
- Nervous system - Endocrine system - Circulatory system - Respiratory system - Digestive system - Urinary system |
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What does the gastrointestinal system in terms of organ system interrelationships?
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The gastrointestinal system digests and metabolises food.
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What does the circulatory system do in terms of organ system interrelationships?
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Blood, which is part of the circulatory system, distributes nutrients and oxygen.
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What do the urinary and respiratory systems do in terms of organ system interrelationships?
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The urinary and respiratory systems eliminate metabolic wastes.
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What are the survival needs?
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- Nutrients
- Oxygen - Water - Normal body temperature - Atmospheric pressure |
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Why do we need nutrients to survive?
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Needed for energy and cell building.
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Why do we need oxygen to survive?
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Necessary for metabolic reactions.
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Why is water needed for survival?
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Provides the necessary environment for chemical reactions.
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Why do we need a normal body temperature to survive?
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Necessary for chemical reactions to occur at life-sustaining rates.
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Why do we need correct atmospheric pressure to survive?
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Required for proper breathing and gas exchange in the lungs.
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What is homeostasis?
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Ability to maintain a relatively stable internal environment in an ever-changing outside world.
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What is step 1 in the Homeostatic Control Mechanism?
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Stimulus produces change in a variable.
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What is step 2 in the Homeostatic Control Mechanism?
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Change is detected by receptor.
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What is step 3 in the Homeostatic Control Mechanism?
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Input information is sent along the afferent pathway to the control center.
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What is step 4 in the Homeostatic Control Mechanism?
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Information is outputted by the control center and sent along the efferent pathway to the effector.
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What is step 5 in the Homeostatic Control Mechanism?
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Response of effector feeds back to influence the magnitude of the stimulus and returns variable to homeostasis.
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Describe the anatomical position.
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Body erect, feet slightly apart, palms facing forward, thumbs point away from the body.
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Name the hidden regional anterior view terms.
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Nasal (nose)
Oral (mouth) Cervical (neck) Acromial (point of shoulder) Axillary (armpit) |
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Name the hidden regional anterior view terms.
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Abdominal (abdomen)
Brachial (arm) Antecubital (front of elbow) Antebrachial (forearm) Pelvic (pelvis) |
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Name the hidden regional anterior view terms.
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Carpal (wrist)
Pollex (thumb) Palmar (palm) Digital (fingers) Pubic (genital region) |
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Name the hidden regional anterior view terms.
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Patellar (anterior knee)
Crural (leg) Pedal (foot) Tarsal (ankle) Digital (toes) |
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Name the hidden regional anterior view terms.
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Frontal (forehead)
Orbital (eye) Buccal (cheek) Mental (chin) Sternal (breastbone) |
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Name the hidden regional anterior view terms.
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Thoracic (chest)
Mammary (breast) Umbilical (navel) Coxal (hip) Inguinal (groin) |
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Name the hidden regional anterior view terms.
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Femoral (thigh)
Fibular or perineal (side of leg) Hallux (great toe) |
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Name each of the body planes.
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1. Frontal Plane
2. Median (midsagittal) plane 3. Transverse plane a. Frontal section through torso b. Transverse section through torso (superior view) c. Median (midsagittal) section |
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Name each of the hidden lateral view body cavities.
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1. Dorsal body cavity
2. Cranial cavity (contains brain) 3. Vertebral cavity (contains spinal cord) |
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Name each of the hidden lateral view body cavities.
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1. Thoracic cavity (contains heart and lungs)
2. Diaphragm |
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Name each of the hidden lateral view body cavities.
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1. Abdominal cavity (contains digestive viscera)
2. Pelvic cavity (contains bladder, reproductive organs and rectum) |
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Name each of the hidden anterior view body cavities.
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Cranial cavity
Vertebral cavity Thoracic cavity (contains lungs and heart) |
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Name each of the hidden anterior view body cavities.
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Superior mediastinum
Pleural cavity Pericardial cavity within the mediastinum |
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Name each of the hidden anterior view body cavities.
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Diaphragm
Abdominal cavity (contains digestive viscera) Pelvic cavity (contains bladder, reproductive organs and rectum) |
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Name each of the hidden anterior view body cavities.
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Abdominopelvic cavity
Ventral body cavity (thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities) |
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Name each of the hidden smaller body cavities.
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Orbital cavity (orbit)
Nasal cavity Oral cavity (mouth) Tongue |
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Name each of the hidden smaller body cavities.
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Middle ear cavity
Synovial cavity (in a joint between neck vertebrae) Fibrous capsule around joint |
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Name each of the hidden abdominopelvic regions.
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Right hypochondriac region
Right lumbar region Right iliac (inguinal) region |
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Name each of the hidden abdominopelvic regions.
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Epigastric region
Umbilical region Hypograstric (pubic) region |
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Name each of the hidden abdominopelvic regions.
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Left hypochondriac region
Left lumbar region Left iliac (inguinal) region |
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Name each of the abdominopelvic quadrants starting from the stop left going clockwise.
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Right upper quadrant
Left upper quadrant Left lower quadrant Right lower quadrant |
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Name the hidden part of the serous membrane relationship.
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Parietal serosa - outer balloon wall
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Name the hidden part of the serous membrane relationship.
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Serous cavity - air
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Name the hidden part of the serous membrane relationship.
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Visceral serosa - inner balloon wall
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Name the hidden parts of the heart serosa.
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Heart
Parietal pericardium |
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Name the hidden parts of the heart serosa.
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Pericardial space with serous fluid
Visceral pericardium |
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Superior
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Toward the head end or upper part of a structure or the body; above
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Inferior
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Away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure or the body; below
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Anterior
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Toward or at the front of the body; in front of; Ventral
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Posterior
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Toward or at the back of the body; behind; Dorsal
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Medial
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Toward or at the midline of the body; on the inner side of
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Lateral
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Away from the midline of the body; on the outer side of
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Intermediate
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Between a more medial and a more lateral structure
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Proximal
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Closer to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk
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Distal
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Farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk
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Superficial
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Toward or at the body surface
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Deep
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Away from the body surface; more internal
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Name the hidden parts of the posterior region terms.
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Cephalic (head)
Upper extremity Manus (hand) Lower Extremity |
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Name the hidden parts of the posterior region terms.
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Otic (ear)
Occipital (back of head or base of the skull) Acromial (point of the shoulder) Vertebral (spinal column) |
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Name the hidden parts of the posterior region terms.
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Scapular (shoulder blade)
Brachial (arm) Dorsum or dorsal (back) Olecranal (back of elbow) |
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Name the hidden parts of the posterior region terms.
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Lumbar (loin)
Sacral (between hips) Gluteal (buttock) Perineal (region between the anus and the external genitalia) |
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Name the hidden parts of the posterior region terms.
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Femoral (thigh)
Popliteal (back of knee) Sural (calf) Calcaneal (heel) Plantar (sole) |
