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69 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Functions of skeletal tissue
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structure and protection, muscle attachment, leverage for movement, hemopoiesis, calcium and phosphate reservoir
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long bones
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upper and lowe limbs
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diaphysis
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long narrow shaft
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medullary cavity
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middle of the bone, hollow cavity
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epiphysis
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at either end of the long bone
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epiphyseal plate
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contains a zone of proliferating hyaline cartilage and serves as a zone in which hyaling cartilage is continyally produced and subsequently replaced by bone
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periosteum
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surrounding the long bone, except for the articular surfaces on the ends of the epiphyses, tough connective tissue
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endosteum
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within the medullary cavity, a delicate connective tissue membrane
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short bones
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cube-shaped or round
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flat bones
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skull bones, ribs, sternum, and scapulae
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irregular bones
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vertebrae and facial bones
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sesamoid bones
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where tendons cross the ends of long bones
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compact bone
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densely packed parallel lamina of bone matrix with lacunae compressed between the layers, walls of diaphysis long bone
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spongy bone
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hydroxyapatite in the form of small, branching, strands of bone that fuse with one another; found in the epiphyses and covered by a layer of compact bone
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yellow marrow
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fatty and associated with the distal ends of the long bones
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red marrow
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associated with the axial skeleton and the proximal ends of long bones, more in children
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fissure
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a narrow, cleft-like opening between adjacent parts of bones through which blood vessels and nerves pass
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foramen
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a hole through a bone into the medullary cavity through which pass vessles and nerves
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canal
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a foramen with some length and an orifice at each end
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meatus
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tube like passageway running within a bone with an orifice at only one end
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paranasal sinus
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air filled cavity within a bone connected to the nasal cavity
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groove
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furrow or depression that accomodates a soft structure such as blood vessle, nerve, or tendon
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fossa
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depression in or on a bone
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fovea
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little pit
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condyle
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large, rounded articular prominence
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head
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rounded articular projection supported on a constriced portion
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facet
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smooth, flat surface
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process
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prominent projection
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tubercle
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small rounded process
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tuberosity
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lare, rounded usually roughened process
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trochamter
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large blunt projections, found only on the femur
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crest
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prominent border or ridge
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spine
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very high ridge
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line
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less prominent ridge than a crest
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spinous process
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sharp slender process
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epicondyles
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prominence proximal to a condyle
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angle
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where the main part of a bone and a process are joined at different angles to eachother
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ramus
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branch off the body
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lingula
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flat tongue shaped process
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hamulus
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hook shaped process
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cornu
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horn shaped process
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fibroblast
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cell which primarly secretes collagen and other fibers
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fibrocytes
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cell which maintains the fibrous matrix in which its embedded
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chondroblast
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cell which secretes chondroitin sulfate
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chondrocytes
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maintains the chondroitin sulfate matrix
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osteoblast
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cell which secretes bone matrix
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osteocyte
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cell which maintains the bone matrix in which its embedded
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osteoclast
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cell which destroys bone matrix, releasing calcium salts
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ligaments
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connect bone to bone; less compact, more flattened
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Tendons
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connect muscle to bone
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joint
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where two bones meet
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articulation
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where a moveable joint is formed
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cartilaginous
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held together by cartilage, slightly movable
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synchondrosis
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formed by hyaline cartilage, holds two bones in close proximity, allows no movement
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symphysis
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held together by fibrocartilage, in the form of discs; allows very little movement
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fibrous
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held together by fibers, little mobility
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Suture
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irregular shaped edges that interlock with a fibrous membrance that holds the bones together
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gomphosis
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peg and socket type of joint; example between a tooth and its socket
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syndesmosis
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two bones are held together by a fibrous membrane, example-between radius and ulna and tibia and fibula
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synovial joint
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designed for mobility
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articular cartilage
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covers the surface of the bones joined together, consists of hyline cartilage and provides a smooth, low friction joint surface
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joint capsule
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entire joint is surrounded by this, continuous with the periosteal covering of the bones
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ligaments
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stabilize and limit movement of the joint, can tear if there is an excess of tensile strength
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fibrous capsule
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outer wall of the joint capsule
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stratum synovium
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secretes the synovial fluid and is referred to as the synovial membrane
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uniaxial joints
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move through one plane and around one axis; hinge joints (elbow) and pivot joints
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biaxial joints
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movement in two planes and around two axes; abduction and adduction and extension and flexion; ellipsoid joint
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triaxial joint
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movement capability in all three planes around all three axes. extension/flexion, abduction/adduction, medial/lateral rotation. Ball and socket joint
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nonaxial joint
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two relatively flat surfaces which slide over one another
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